How Do Impact Crushers Operate?
Time:
27 September 2021
Impact crushers are widely used in the mining, construction, and recycling industries for crushing and reducing materials into smaller sizes. These machines operate on the principle of impact, rather than compression, to break down materials. Here’s a detailed explanation of how impact crushers work:
Types of Impact Crushers
There are primarily two types of impact crushers:
- Horizontal Shaft Impact (HSI) Crushers: Use a horizontal shaft and are ideal for softer materials.
- Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) Crushers: Use a vertical shaft and are more efficient for harder or abrasive materials.
Operating Principles
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Material Entry:
- The material is fed into the crushing chamber through a hopper or feeding system. In some configurations, a vibratory feeder ensures consistent feeding and prevents clogging.
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Rotor Movement:
- The rotor equipped with high-speed hammers, blow bars, or impellers spins rapidly. This spinning rotor applies a high-energy impact to the entering material, forcing it to shatter.
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Impact and Breakage:
- When the material first contacts the rotor or the high-speed elements, it is struck with great force and thrown against impact plates (anvils) or breaking walls within the crushing chamber.
- This collision fractures the material into smaller pieces.
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Repeated Collisions:
- As the material bounces between the rotor, impact plates, and walls, multiple impacts occur, further breaking down the material into finer sizes.
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Discharge:
- Once the material reaches the desired size, it exits through openings or gaps set at the bottom of the machine. The size of the output material can be adjusted by varying the settings of the impact crusher.
Key Features Supporting Operations
- Adjustable Settings: The crusher’s settings allow operators to control the gap between the rotor and the impact plates, adjusting the final product size.
- High-Speed Motion: The rotor’s speed is critical for efficient crushing. Higher speeds result in finer outputs, while lower speeds produce coarser material.
- Hard-Wearing Components: To handle wear and tear, the hammers, blow bars, and impact plates are often made of robust, abrasion-resistant materials such as manganese steel.
Advantages of Impact Crushers
- Versatility: Can handle various materials, from soft to medium-hard and even certain hard materials.
- High Reduction Ratio: Produces smaller particles with fewer passes.
- Consistency: Provides a uniform shape and size of the crushed material.
- Efficiency: Processes larger volumes quickly, especially for non-abrasive materials.
Applications
Impact crushers are commonly used for:
- Cement production (limestone crushing).
- Aggregate production in construction.
- Recycling concrete or asphalt.
- Secondary or tertiary crushing of materials such as granite, shale, and more.
When operated and maintained properly, impact crushers are reliable, efficient tools for crushing tasks.
Contact Us
Shanghai Zenith Mineral Co., Ltd. is a leading manufacturer of crushing and grinding equipment in China. With more than 30 years of experience in the mining machinery industry, Zenith has built a strong reputation for delivering high-quality crushers, mills, sand-making machines, and mineral processing equipment to customers around the world.
Headquartered in Shanghai, China, Zenith integrates research, production, sales, and service, providing complete solutions for aggregates, mining, and mineral grinding industries. Its equipment is widely used in metallurgy, construction, chemical engineering, and environmental protection.
Committed to innovation and customer satisfaction, Shanghai Zenith continues to advance in intelligent manufacturing and green production, offering reliable equipment and comprehensive after-sales service to help clients achieve efficient and sustainable operations.
website: https://www.chinagrindingmill.net
Email:info@chinagrindingmill.net
Whatsapp:+8613661969651
