Yiziphi Izindlela Ezinsizayo Zokwakha E-China Kwezokwakha Ngokusebenzisa I-Sand Yemvelo?

Isikhathi:20 kuOctober 2025

Njengoba umkhakha wezokwakha eChina uqhubeka nokukhula, ukukhalala kokuhlala kwendalo kudlondlobala, kuholela ezinkingeni zokushoda. Ukuze kubhekwe lezi zinselelo, iChina ihlola ezinye izinto eziphila phansi zokukhipha isihlabathi semvelo. Le ngqikithi ibheka izinketho ezahlukene ezisetyenziswa futhi zathuthukiswa eChina ukuze zandise imikhuba yokwakha ephilayo.

1. Ukubuka konke kokuhlupheka kwensizwa eShayina

Isihlabathi semvelo siyisici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni, esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni komhlaba, emhlabeni, nasemathinini amanye. Nokho, ukuthengwa kakhulu kuholele ku:

• Ubuqola bemvelo: Ukubhujiswa kwemithombo yezinhlanga nolwandle.
• Ukuncipha kwezinsiza: Ukuncipha kwezikhumbuzo zendalo zezilokazane.
• Izindleko ezandisiwe: Intengo ephezulu ngenxa yokushoda.

Lezi zinkinga zikhuthaze ukucwaninga ngemisebenzi esindayo yokwenziwa esikhundleni sand.

2. Izinketho Eziqhubekayo Ezikhundleni ZeSandu Lemvelo

I-China iyahola ngezixazululo eziningi ezintsha zokufaka isihlabathi semvelo kokwakhiwa. Nansi eminye yezinketho eziyisisekelo:

2.1 Umphakathi Wezokwakha (M-Sand)

Ihluzi elenziwe, noma i-M-Sand, ikhiqizwa ngokuphahlazeka kwezindonga, amatshe asetshenziselwa ukukhiya, noma ama-aggregates amakhulu abe yizigaxa ezincane ezifana nesihlabathi. Inikeza izinzuzo eziningi:

• Ukuhambisana: Usayizi ophumelelayo nendlela ethile kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-concrete.
• Ukutholakala: Kutholakala kalula futhi kunciphisa ukuthembela kumphako wemvelo.
• Izinto ezinhle ezithinta imvelo: Inciphisa umthelela wezakhi zofuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nokumba isihlabathi emfuleni.

2.2 Izinto Ezifunyenwe Kabusha

Izinsiza eziphindwe kabili zitholakala ekucutshungweni kwemfucumfucu yokwakha nokudiliza. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi:

• Ukunciphisa imfucumfucu: Kunciphisa imfucumfucu ezindaweni zokusiza ngokuphinde kusetshenziswe debris ye-concrete.
• Ukugcina izinsiza: Kwehlisa isidingo sematshatshana amasha.
• Izindleko zokusebenza: Njalo zishibhile kune-sandi yemvelo.

2.3 Imikhiqizo yemboni

Ezinye izinto ezikhiqizwa embonini zingasetshenziswa njengezikhumbuzo zetsand, ezifana:

• Umgubo we-fly: Umkhiqizo ophuma ekushiseni kwamalahle, asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-concrete.
• Slag: Umkhiqizo ophumelelayo wokwenziwa kwensimbi, osebenza ku-cement nase-concrete.
• Silica fume: Umphumela ohlobene nokukhiqizwa kwe-silicon kanye ne-ferrosilicon alloy, uthuthukisa amandla nokuhlala kahle kwekhonkrithi.

2.4 Ihlathi Lesihlabathi

Ihlathi lempophoma, elikhona ezindaweni ezomile eShayina, liyahlolwa njengokunye okungamelana nalokhu. Nakuba ngokwesiko kulokhu kubhekwa njengokungafaneleka ngenxa yobukhali bayo nokushelela, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ku:

• Izinhlanganisela ezikhethekile zeconcrete: Ziguqulwe ukuze zithole izici ezihlukile zehlanga lesitshalo.
• Ukwakha okufanele imvelo: Kunciphisa isidingo sokumba sand emifuleni.

3. Izinselelo Nezinto Okufanele Zicabangele

Ngenkathi lezi zinketho zinikeza izixazululo ezithembisayo, kufanele kubhekwe izinselelo ezithile:

• Imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinketho zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokwakha kanye nezimfuneko zokusebenza.
• Izinto zomnotho: Ukuhlanganisa ukonga izindleko nezinzuzo zokuvikela imvelo.
• Izinsiza zokulawula: Ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo ukuze kusekela ukwamukelwa kwezimpahla eziqhubekayo.

4. Isiphetho

Ukuph pursuewa kweChina kwezindlela ezinzile zokuphendula isihlabathi semvelo ekwakhiweni kukhombisa ukuzinikela ekulondolozeni imvelo nasek保存. Ngokwamukela isihlabathi esenziwe, izigayo eziphinde zisetshenziswe, izinto ezikhiqizwayo, kanye nesihlabathi sehlane, iChina iyakhanyisa indlela yokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokwakheka kuzoba kubalulekile ekunqobeni izinselelo eziyikhona nokwakha impumelelo yokufaka lezi zindlela.

Ngokuhlanganisa, ukuguqulwa kwesikhungo sokuthola izinketho ezisimeme zezihlabathi akubhemi kuphela inkinga yesihlabathi esiphuthumayo kodwa futhi kunikeza izinzuzo zokuphila kwemvelo nezomnotho ezingapheli, kukha umthetho olandelwayo ezitsheni zomhlaba jikelele.

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