Iyini i-Process Flow Diagram yokuhlanjululwa kwe-Alumina

Isikhathi:20 kuOctober 2025

Ukucutshungulwa kwe-alumina kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-aluminium, ebandakanya ukukhipha i-alumina emotweni ye-bauxite. Le ndatshana inikeza ukubheka okujulile kwesithombe sokuhamba kwenqubo yokucutshungulwa kwe-alumina, igqamisa isigaba ngasinye senqubo.

Uhlolojikelele Lwe-Alumina Refining

I-alumina refining kuyinqubo enamanyathelo amaningi eguqula ubuxite bauxite sibe i-alumina, ethathwa isetshenziswa ukwakha insimbi ye-aluminium. Indlela eyinhloko yokucubungula i-alumina yiBayer Process, eyakhiwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

I-Bayer Process Flow Diagram

Inqubo yeBayer iyindlela esetshenziswe kabanzi yokuhlanza i-alumina. Nansi incazelo enembile yepharamitha yokugeleza kwenqubo:

1. Ukumba kweBauxite nokulungiselela

• Imayini: Ibhakha le-bauxite likhishwa emithonjeni evulekile noma imayini ezingaphansi komhlaba.
• Ukugqibezela nokuphahlazeka: I-ore iyagqogqa futhi ibhujiswa ukuze kukhuphuke indawo engaphezulu yokukhipha.
• Ukudalwa kwesikhashana: I-bauxite eqoshiwe ixutshwa namanzi ukuze kudaleke isikhashana.

2. I-digestion

• Ukufakwa kweCaustic Soda: I-slurry ixutshwe nesixazululo esishisayo se-caustic soda (i-sodium hydroxide).
• Ukugcwaliswa Ngokucindezela Okuphezulu: Inhlanganisela ishisa phezulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi ukuze ikhiphe okuqukethwe kwe-alumina ku-bauxite, kwakha i-sodium aluminate.

3. Ukucacisa

• Izikhwama Zokuhlala: I-slurry idluliselwa ezikhwameni zokuhlala lapho izinto ezingafunwayo zihlala khona phansi.
• Ukususa Iresidue: Izinkinga, ezaziwa ngokuthi "umhlabathi obomvu," ziyasuswa, kushiya isixazululo esClear sodium aluminate.

4. Ukuvula kwemvula

• Ukupholisa: Isixazululo esicacile sipholisiwe ukuze sikhuthaze ukuwa kwe-alumina hydrate.
• Ukwengeza Amakrystal Wokhula: Amakristalu e-alumina hydrate engeziwe ukuze aqale ukuphuma.
• Ukuqhamuka kwe-Alumina Hydrate: I-Alumina hydrate iphume emanzini.

5. Ukushiswa

• Ukoma: I-alumina hydrate icushiwe futhi yoma.
• Ukushisa: I-hydrate eyomile ishisiwe ezitsheni ezijikayo noma kumakhalekhukhwini apholile ukuze kususwe amanzi, kukhiqizwa i-alumina engamanzi.

Izinto Eziyinhloko Okufanele Ucabangele Ekuphumeleliseni I-Alumina

Umthelela Wokuhlala Emvelweni

• Ukuphathwa Kwezinhlaka Ezibomvu: Ukuphathwa kokukhishwa kwezinhlaka ezibomvu kuyinkinga enkulu yemvelo.
• Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Inqubo yeBayer idinga amandla amaningi, ifuna ukuphathwa kahle kwamandla.

Ukuphuculwa Kwezinqubo

• Izithuthukisi Zokusebenza: Izithuthukisi ezihambelanayo ezingeni lokugaya, ukugeleza, nokupholisa zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo nasekunciphiseni izindleko.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe: Ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo futhi kube nomthelela omuhle emvelweni.

Isiphetho

Umbhalo wokuhamba kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa i-alumina uveza izinyathelo ezilandelanayo ezithintekayo ekuguqulweni kwe-bauxite ibe yi-alumina usebenzisa i-Bayer Process. Ukuqonda isigaba ngasinye senqubo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukukhiqizwa, ukunciphisa umthelela kwemvelo, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile. Ngokugxila ezintweni ezithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe nasezinhlelweni ezizinzile, umkhakha wokuhlukanisa i-alumina ungakwazi ukuqhubeka uhambelana nezidingo zomhlaba ze-aluminium ngendlela efanele.

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