Izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa zibalulekile embonini yemaminerali ekukhipheni izinsiza ezibalulekile emaminithini. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukuba zikhulu, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili futhi zineqhaza elibalulekile ekucubunguleni amaminerali. Le ndatshana ihlola izindawo zezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ezinkulu emhlabeni futhi ichaza ngezindlela zazo zokusebenza.
Izakhamuzi ezinkulu zokuhlolwa ngokweqile ngokuvamile zise-ndaweni ezinamathafa ahlukeneyo ezokuhlala. Nansi eminye yemibukiso ebalulekile:
– Indawo: Idolobha lase-Atacama, empumalanga yeChile
– Impahla: Ikakhulukazi insimbi
– Ukubaluleka: I-Escondida iyinsalela enkulu kakhulu yokhuni emhlabeni, futhi i-flotation complex yayo ingenye yezikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
– Indawo: Papua Province, e-Indonesia
– Impahla: UCopper no gWebu
– Ukubaluleka: I-Grasberg ingenye yezigodi zomhlaba ezinkulu zegolide nohlobo, inezakhiwo zokuphakamisa ezithuthukisiwe.
– Indawo: uMbindi-Ningizimu, eZambia
– Impahla: UCopper no gWebu
– Ubukhulu: Imayini enkulu ye-copper e-Afrika, iKansanshi inenkampani ebalulekile yokuhlanza.
– Indawo: Isifunda seTarapacá, eningizimu yeChile
– Impahla: Ikhophu
– Ukubaluleka: I-Collahuasi iyaziwa ngezokusebenza kwayo ezindaweni eziphakeme, inenkampani enkulu yokuhlola.
– Indawo: iNingizimu Australia
– Impahla: I-copper, i-uranium, igolide, ne-siliva
– Ukubaluleka: I-Olympic Dam ingesinye sezingcezu ezinkulu emhlabeni ze-copper, uranium, ne-gold.
Izinkomponi zokuphazamisa zisebenzisa ukuxuba kwezinqubo zomzimba nezokhemikhali ukususa amakhandlela abalulekile ku-ore. Ukusebenza kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa kukhuluma izinyathelo eziningi ezibalulekile:
– Umgubo uhlukunyezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-jaw crushers nama-cone crushers.
– I-ore e-krushiweyo ibhujiswa emshinini ukuze ibe ushokoledi olufanele.
– Izithasiselo ezifana nabakhiphi, abavusi, nabashintshi ziy toegevoegd.
– Lezi kimikhono zandisa ukusebenza kwe-hydrophobic kwezinto ezifunwayo.
– I-ore ehlosiwe ixutshwa namanzi ukuze kukhule i-slurry.
– Izimbobo zomoya zifakwa ku-slurry, futhi izinto ezingenamanzi zixhume ezimbobini.
– Izimpundu ziphakama phezulu, zakha ungqimba lwe-froth olwakhiwe.
– I-concentrate ye-froth iyathiniswa futhi iyafanelwa ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwemvula.
– Umkhiqizo ophumayo uvalwa ukuze uqhutshwe noma uthengwe.
– Izinsalela ziphuzwa ezikhungweni zokugcina.
– Izinyathelo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zisebenza ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela endaweni ezungezile.
Izindawo zokubhakabhaka zesimanje zifaka ubuchwepheshe obuphambili ukuze zandise ukusebenza kahle nokusimama.
Izindawo ezinkulu zokukhucululwa emhlabeni zitholakala ezindaweni ezinothile ngemaminerali futhi zibalulekile embonini yokumbiwa kwezinsiza zomhlaba. Ngohlelo lwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, lezi zindawo zisebenzisa kahle izinsiza ezigugu ngesikhathi zifaka ubuchwepheshe obuphambili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusimama. Njengoba isidingo semaminerali siqhubeka nokukhula, lezi zindawo zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni kube khona izinsiza ezidingekayo emhlabeni.
