Yiziphi Izinhlelo Zempahla Ezithuthukisa Ukusebenza Kohlelo Lokumba Igolide?
Isikhathi:28 kuMfumfu 2025
Ukumba igolide inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya izigaba eziningana, kusukela ekuhloleni kuya ekuvezeni nasekucutshungweni. Ukwenza kube ngcono ukwakheka kwemishini esetshenziswe kulezi zigaba kungakhuphula kakhulu ukusebenza kwenqubo, kwehlise izindleko, futhi kuthuthukise ukuvuthwa okuphelele. Le ndatshana ihlola ukwakheka okubalulekile kwemishini okungakwazi ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokumba igolide.
1. Ukuhlola nokubhoboza
Isigaba sokuhlola sibalulekile ekuhlonzeni izindawo eziphilayo zegolide. Ukuhlelwa kwezinsiza ngokuphumelelayo kule ndawo kungaholela ekuhloleni okunembile nasekuthatheni izinqumo ezisheshayo.
1.1 Izinsiza Zokuhlola Zezinkanyezi
- Amagnetometers: Asetshenziswa ukuthola ukuphambuka kwe-magnetic okungenzeka kube nezezimali zegolide.
- Imishini Yokuhlola Izingcwecwe: Isebenza ekumapingweni kwezinsiza ezingezansi.
- I-Radar Eshaya Umhlaba (GPR): Ihlanganisa izithombe eziyizinkanyezi ze-subsurface.
1.2 Izinsiza Zokubhoboza
- Ukuhluza Okuyinhloko: Kubalulekile ukuthola amasampula ayinhloko ukuze uhlaziye okuqukethwe kwemaminerali.
- Uhlaka Lokuhamba Emuva (RC) Lokuqhuma: Kusheshisa futhi kube nezindleko eziphansi ezikhathini zokuqala zokuhlola.
2. Ukukhishwa
Uma imfucumfucu efanelekile itholakele, isigaba sokukhishwa siqala. Ukhetho lwezisetshenziswa lapha lungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nomthelela wemvelo wale msebenzi.
2.1 Imishini Yokumba Phezulu
- Izinsiza Zokumba Ezibandayo: Zinikela ngamandla amakhulu okumba futhi zilungele ukusebenza okukhulu.
- Ama-Dragline: Asebenza kahle ekususeni umthwalo ophakeme ekuvuleni ukumbiwa.
- Izakhiwo Ze-Bucket-Wheel: Zifaneleke ezinhlelweni zokumba ezinqunyelwe.
2.2 Izinsiza Zokuwina Ezemigodi ngaphansi kwemhlaba
- I-Jumbo Drills: Isetshenziselwa ukuqhwaga imithombo yokuphonsa emalahleni anzima.
- Ukulayisha, Ukuhamba, nokuhl dumpa (LHD) Imishini: Thutha ithoshi ukusuka ebhufeni iye phezulu.
- Abathwebuli abaqhubekayo: Afanelekile ezindleleni zokumba ezinomsebenzi wamakamelo namaphiko.
3. Uku обработка
Ukucubungula kuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa igolide emanyaleni, futhi ukuthuthukisa le phasela kungaholela ezingeni eliphezulu lokubuyiswa kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
3.1 Ukucindezela Nokugqasha
- Izinsimbi Zokuchoboza: Zisetshenziswa ekuchobozweni kokuqala kwamadwala amakhulu.
- Imishini yeBall: Qhwa uthuli ku-powder elincane, kukhulisa indawo yokusebenza yokukhucululwa.
- SAG Mills: Hlanganisa imisebenzi yokuphula nokugaya.
3.2 Ukwahlukaniswa nokugxilisa
- Izikhumbuzo zeGravity: Sebenzisa umehluko wesisindo ukuze uhlukanise igolide kwamanye ama-material.
- Izikelo ze-Flotation: Hlukana nemaminerali ngokususelwa kumandla azo e-hydrophobic.
- Izikrini zeCentrifugal: Thuthukisa ukuvuselelelwa kweziphuzo zegolide ezincane.
3.3 Ukuphuma Nokutholwa
- Izitanki Zokuhlanza I-Cyanide: Ncibilikisa igolide emathunjini usebenzisa isisombululo se-cyanide.
- Izinhlelo ze-Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP): Thola igolide elikhaliphile kwi-carbon esebenziweyo.
- Izinhlelo ze-Carbon-in-Leach (CIL): Hlanganisa ukuchithwa nokumuncwa endaweni eyodwa.
4. Ukuhlanganisa
Ukucindezela kuyisinyathelo sokugcina ekukhiqizeni igolide elihlanzekile. Ukuhlelwa kwemishini okusebenza kahle kuqinisekisa ubumsulwa obuphezulu nokuphuma okuncane.
4.1 Izitofu Zokubumba
- Izitofu Zokufaka: Zihlinzeka ngokuqondile kokushisa ukuze kuhlakulele igolide.
- Umgubho Wokushisa Kagesi: Ufanelekile kumasevisi okushisa amakhulu.
4.2 Ukuhlanzwa Kwe-Electrolytic
- Amakhasi e-Electrowinning: Buyisa igolide kwemiphumela yokukhuhla.
- Izikulufo Zokucacisa: Hlanza igolide ukuze ifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka.
5. Ukuqashelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha
Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zomshini akukhulisi kuphela ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa imiphumela yezehlakalo nezokuphepha.
5.1 Ukulawulwa Kothuli Nokukhishwa
- Izinto Zokuhlanganisa Uthuli: Nciphisa amafutha aphumayo ngesikhathi sokuphahlazeka nokugaya.
- I-Emission Scrubbers: Nciphisa ukukhishwa okubi okuvela ezinqubweni zokufaka.
5.2 UkuPhathwa Kwezinsiza
- Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwezinsalela: Qinisekisa ukupheliswa nokugcina okuphephile kwemfucumfucu yokumba.
- Izikhungo Zokucwila Amanzi: Buyisela futhi uhlanzeni amanzi asetshenziswe ezinqubweni zokumba.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwemishini enqubweni yokumba igolide kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokunciphisa umthelela kumphakathi. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela nokwakha imishini kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo yokumba, imisebenzi ingathola ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokuzinzile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka phambili, ukuhlola okuqhubekayo nokwenza izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwemishini kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokugcina inzuzo yokuncintisana embonini yokumba igolide.
