Iziphuzo Eziwusizo Zokucubungula Ezisemqoka Ezweni LezGold eNingizimu Afrika
Isikhathi:29 kuMfumfu 2025
ENingizimu Afrika idume ngempahla yayo eminingi yokumba, ikakhulukazi igolide. Umkhakha wokumba igolide waleli thafa ungumthombo obalulekile wezimali zawo, kanti imishini ethuthukisiwe yokucubungula idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle. Le ndatshana icubungula imishini ethuthukisiwe ethandwa kakhulu esetshenziselwa emigodini yegolide eNingizimu Afrika.
Uhlolojikelele Lokumbiwa Kwegolide eNingizimu Afrika
ISouth Africa inemlandvo ende yokumbiwa kogolide, nezinsizakalo ezibhalwe emuva skhulu sika-19. Le njongo isaqhubeka iboneke njengomuntu ophakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni kogolide. Ukugcina ukuncintisana nokusebenza kahle, imithombo yokumba kagolide eNingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imishini yokusebenza ethuthukile ukuze ikhiphe futhi iphumeleze kahle igolide.
Izinsiza Zokucubungula Ezithuthukisiwe Eziyinhloko
Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokucubungula emigodleni yegolide eNingizimu Afrika kuthonywa izinto ezifana nohlobo lwe-ore, ukujula kwemigodi, kanye nezinto ezithinta imvelo. Nansi ukubheka ngokuningiliziwe kwemishini yokucubungula ethandwayo ephakeme:
1. Ukuhlakulela Nokuphonsa Imishini
Ukuvunguza nokuqhuba kahle kubalulekile ukuze kukhululwe igolide ezinyaweni. Imishini eyamukelekayo ifaka:
- Izigayo ze-Jaw: Zisetshenziselwa ukudiliza okuphawulekayo kwezimboni ezinkulu.
- Amakhono Wezikhukhula: asetshenziswa ekuphuleni kwesibili, ahlinzeka ngempahla enembile.
- Imishini Yebhola: Isetshenziselwa ukugaya imayini ehloliwe ibe yipulveri elincane, ikunikeza ukuvuna igolide.
- AmaSAG Mills: Ama-milling ayahlanganisa imisebenzi yokuphula nokugaya.
2. Imishini Yokwehlukanisa Ngemithwalo
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-gravity kuyindlela esebenzayo kahle yokubuyisela igolide. Lezi zinsiza ezilandelayo zivame ukujoliswa:
- I-Jig Concentrators: Iyasebenza ekubuyiseni igolide elijulile.
- Ukushaywa Kwethebhu: Kusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni igolide elinembile, ukuhlukanisa amagatsha egolide ngokususelwa ekwakhiweni.
- I-spiral concentrators: Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa igolide ezindaweni ez lighter.
3. Imishini Yokuthambisa
Ukukhuphuka kusetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa igolide ezinsizeni ze-sulfide. Izinsiza ezikhethwayo zifaka:
- Amacell we-Flotation: Lapho izithako zengezwa ukuze kudaleke umphongolo, uthwebula amanye amaminerali egolide.
- Imishini Yokukhuphuka Kwamakhono: Iph提供a amazinga aphezulu wokubuyisa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali.
4. Imishini Yokukhanyisa
I-Cyanidation iyinqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi ekutholeni igolide. Izinsiza ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Amathangi Okukhulula: Lapha isixazululo se-cyanide sixutshwa ne-ore ukuze sifeze igolide.
- Izinhlelo ze-Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP): Igolide ibanjwa ku-carbon esebenzayo ukuze ibuyiswe.
- Uhlelo lweCarbon-in-Leach (CIL): Kufana ne-CIP kodwa kuhlanganisa ukuwasha nokumunca okwenza ngasikhathi sinye.
5. Imishini Yokuhlunga Nokwandisa
Ukuze kulawulwe izinsalela nokubuyiselwa kwamanzi, imishini yokuhlunga nokuthambisa iyadingeka.
- Ukuthuthukisa: Gcwalisa i-slurry ngokususa amanzi angaphezu kwanele.
- Izihlungi Zepresi: Zisetshenziselwa ukususa amanzi kuzo zonke izinsalela, zokwehlisa umthelela emvelweni.
Izinguquko Zobuchwepheshe
Amamandla emigodini yegolide eNingizimu Afrika ayanda ukuthatha izinguquko zobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula nokusimama.
- Izinhlelo Zokuqondisa Ezizenzekelayo: Thuthukisa ukunemba kwenqubo futhi unciphise amaphutha abantu.
- Ukubheka Okukude: Kwenza ukubhekwa nokugcina kwemishini ngesikhathi sangempela.
- IzoDumo Zokonga Amandla: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokusebenza.
Izinto Ezihlobene Nemvelo Nezokuphepha
Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ethuthukisiwe yokucubungula kuphendula nezindaba zokuphepha kanye nemvelo:
- Izinhlelo Zokwehlisa Uthuli: Nciphisa uthuli olukhanyayo ngesikhathi sokuphuca nokugruva.
- Ukususwa kweCyanide: Kuqinisekisa ukususa okuphephile kwezinto ezinamacala e-cyanide.
- Ubuchwepheshe Bokunciphisa Umsindo: Vikela abasebenzi ekudluliseni umsindo okwengeziwe.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha imishini yokucubungula ethuthukile emigodini yezgold eNingizimu Afrika kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje nemishini, imboni iyaqhubeka nokuphumelela, ifaka isandla kakhulu emnothweni kazwelonke. Njengoba imboni ithuthuka, ubudala bokwakha nokuqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa kuzoba yizinto ezibalulekile ekugcineni isikhundla saseNingizimu Afrika njengomkhiqizi ophambili wezigolide.
