Iyini imfucuza yensando nokuthi kuthathwa kanjani?
Isikhathi:19 Septhemba 2025
Ithala lemigodi liyinsizakusebenza ebalulekile emkhiqizweni wokumba, futhi ukuphathwa kwalo kuyisici esibalulekile semisebenzi yokumba. Le ndatshana ihlola ukuthi ithala lemigodi liyini, umthelela walo kwimizi, kanye nezindlela ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa ukuhlela nokuphatha lezi zinsizakusebenza.
Yini i-Mine Tailings?
Izinsalela zomsebenzi zingezinto ezisele ngemva kokukhishwa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile noma ez metal ezivela kwimikhiqizo. Lezi zinto zingaqhamuka:
- Itholakale ijalfa.
- Amanzi
- Izinsalela zezifutho ezivela enqubweni yokukhishwa
Izici zeMithwalo Yezimayini
- Ukubumbana: Ama-tailings angahluka kakhulu ekubumbaneni, kuye ngokuthi yisiphi uhlobo lwe-ore nokuthi yisiphi isu lokukhishwa olusetshenzisiwe.
- Ifomu Yomzimba: Imvamisa itholakala ngesimo se-slurry, inhlanganisela yezinhlayiya eziqinile namanzi.
- Ishumi: Ivolumu yezinsalela ezikhiqizwayo ingaba enkulu, imvamisa idlula ivolumu ye-ore ethathwe.
Umthelela Wezokondla Oosthuthi Zezimayini
Ukuphathwa kwezimfucuza zemayini kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yemithelela yazo emvelweni.
- Ukungcoliswa Kwamanzi: Izinsalela zingaphuma amakhemikhali abalulekile emthonjeni wamanzi.
- Ukonakala Komhlabathi: Ukufakwa kwezinsimbi ezisele kungaholela ekukhubazeni komhlabathi nasekuguguneni.
- Ukungcoliswa Komoya: Uthuli oluvela kumathonsi owomileyo lungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga zekhwalithi yomoya.
Ukucubungula Izinsalela Zemigodi
Ukucubungula imfucuza yokumbiwa kudinga izinyathelo eziningi ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wazo emvelweni futhi, kwezinye izimo, kubuyiswe ezinye izinsiza. Lezi 아래 ezingezansi yizindlela ezivamile ezisetshenziswa ekucubunguleni imfucuza:
1. Ukuqinisa
Ukukhulisa kuhilela ukususa amanzi amaningi ku-tailings slurry ukuze kwehliswe ivolumu yayo. Le nqubo kufaneleka ngale ndlela:
- Ububanzi bokukhulisa: Amathanka amakhulu lapho izingxenye eziqinile zihlala phansi.
- Ukuhlunga: Uhlanga lwezinto eziqinile kusuka kwi-liquid.
2. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi
Ukukhuliswa kokukhipha amanzi emithwalo kungafezeka ngokusebenzisa:
- Ama-Centrifuges: Imishini esebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwehlukanisa izinto eziqinile nosawoti.
- Izinkomishi Zokuhlunga: Imishini efinyela i-slurry ukuze ikhiphe amanzi.
3. Ukugcina Izinsalela
Ukugcinwa kahle kwezimfucumfucu kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Izinqubo ezivamile zokugcina zifaka:
- Ubuphakathi Bemigudu: Amathafa amakhulu, akhiwe ngenhloso yokugcina ubuphakathi futhi avumele amanzi ukuba apholile.
- Ukuphusha Okomile: Indlela lapho imfucumfucu esuswe amanzi ibekwa ngendlela yokuphusha emzimbeni, yehlisa ingozi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi.
4. Ukuhlelwa kabusha
Ukuhlela kabusha kufaka phakathi ukususa amaminerali angeziwe ezinsizakwayo, okungaba nenzuzo yezezimali futhi kwehlise inani lezingcezu. Le nqubo ihlanganisa:
- Ukukhwehlela: Indlela yokwehlukanisa amaminerali abalulekile emathuthumbo ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali nemihuzuko yomoya.
- Ukukhishwa: Ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zamakhemikhali ukuxovula nokuqoqoda ensimbi ezivuvukeleni.
Izindlela Zokwakha Ezintsha Ekuphatheni Kwe-Tailings
Izithuthukisi zakamuva zethule izindlela ezintsha zokuphatha izingxenye zempahla.
- I-Paste Tailings: Uhlobo oluqinisiwe lwezinto ezisele olwehlisa umswakama futhi luthuthukisa ukuvikeleka.
- Geopolymerization: Ukuhunyushwa kwemfucumfucu kube izinsiza zokwakha ngenkqubo yezemichiza.
- I-Bioremediation: Ukusebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukususwa kwezinto ezilimazayo nokuzinzisa ama-tailings.
Isiphetho
Izinsalela zemigodi zingumkhiqizo odingekayo wezokumba, kodwa umthelela wazo ungancishiswa ngempumelelo ngezinqubo zokusebenza nokuphathwa. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokwakha, ukuqeda amanzi, nokuphinda kukhulu, umkhakha wezokumbano unganciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezinsalela futhi, kwezinye izimo, ubuyise ezinye izinsiza. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula, izindlela ezintsha ziyaqhubeka nokuphuma, zikh offering izixazululo ezintsha zokuphatha izinsalela eziqhubekayo.
