Iyini imfucuza yesitshalo sokucwila izinsimbi?

Isikhathi:16 Septhemba 2025

Izitshalo zokuphosa imayini zidlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokumba, ziguqula imayini el raw ibe ngmateriyeli ongawusebenzisa ukuze iphumelele ukusebenza. Nokho, njengazo zonke izinqubo zezimboni, lezi zitshalo zikhupha udoti. Ukuqonda izinhlobo zodoti ezikhiqizwayo, umphumela wazo, kanye nezicwangciso zokuphatha kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokunciphisa umthelela kwendawo.

Izinhlobo Zokuphulwa Kwezinsalela Ezimayini.

Izitshalo zokuphonsa ama-ore zenza izinhlobo ezihlukene zenkunkuma, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile kanye nemiphumela:

1. Ukuphuma kwemigodi

• Incazelo: Ama-tailings angamathuba as leftovers ngemva kokuthi isikhumba esifisayo sikhishwe.
• Ukuhlanganiswa: Ngokujwayelekile kube nemayelana nokuphahlazeka kwemithombo, amanzi, kanye nezinsalela zezemikhiqizo.
• Umthelela: Ungadala ubungozi bezemvelo uma ungaphathwa kahle, kuhlanganise nokungcola komhlaba nasemithonjeni yamanzi.

2. Uthuli Nezinto Ezincane

• Umthombo: Uqhamuka phakathi kokucindezela nokuhlikihla.
• Ukuhlanganiswa: Amamaki amahle endudu nezinsimbi.
• Umthelela: Ungathinta ikhwalithi yomoya futhi ubeke emathubeni ezempilo kubasebenzi kanye nemiphakathi esemakhaya.

3. Imfucumfucu Yamakhemikhali

• Umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ekucubunguleni ama-ore.
• Ukuhlanganiswa: Kufaka phakathi imfucumfucu evela ezithasiselweni nakwezinye amakhemikhali okucubungula.
• Umthelela: Ungaba yingozi, udinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela nokulahliwa.

4. Ukuchithwa Kwamanzi

• Umthombo: Usetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukene zokucubungula amaminerali, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza nokuhlangabazi.
• Ukubunjwa: Kungabamba izinto eziphakanyisiwe, imetal eyasetyenziswa, kanye nezinto zokwenza imikhiqizo.
• Umthelela: Ungaholela ekuhlukunyezweni kwamanzi uma kukhipha ungenziwa.

Umthelela Wokuphuma Kwezinsalela Emvelweni

Imfucuza ethunyelwe ezinqolobaneni zokuphosa ingaba nemiphumela emikhulu emvelweni:

• Ukwanda Kwezimbiwa: Imfucuza kanye nezinyibilikisi zingangena emhlabathini, zithinte impilo yezitshalo nezilwane.
• Ukungcoliswa Kwamanzi: Amanzi angcoliswe ungcolisi, abangele umonakalo ezinhlelweni zokuphila zamanzi.
• Ikhwalithi yomoya: Uthuli nemithamo ingathinta ikhwalithi yomoya, kuthinte impilo yomuntu kanye nemvelo.

Icebo Lokuphathwa Kwendleko

Ukuphathwa kahle kwemfucumfucu kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo wezindawo zokucubuza amalungelo. Nawa amasu ambalwa:

1. Ukuphathwa Kwezimbiwa

• Izixhumi Zokulahla: Ukwakha izixhumi zokulahla ukuze kugcinwe udoti ngokuphepha.
• Ukuvuselela: Ukuvula ama-tailings ukuze kutholakale amaminerali angeziwe nokunciphisa ivolumu yodoti.

2. Ukulawulwa Kwekhephu

• Izinhlelo Zokunciphisa Ubumanzi: Ukusebenzisa izixhumi zamanzi nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa uthuli.
• Izivunakude: Ukusebenzisa izithuthuthu ezivunyiwe nezicatshulwa ukuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwempuphuma.

3. Ukwelashwa Kwezinsiza Zamakhemikhali

• Ukunciphisa: Ukulawula imfucuza yezemikhakha ukuze kuhlobene nezinto ezithile eziyingozi.
• Ukuphathwa Nokulahla Ngokuphephile: Ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa nokulahla okuphephile ngokuhambisana nemithetho yemvelo.

4. Ukucutshungulwa Kamanzi

• Izinhlelo Zokuhlunga: Ukufaka izinhlelo zokuhlunga ukuze kususwe izinto ezingcolile emanzini angcolile.
• Ukusebenzisa kabusha: Ukuhlanza amanzi aphethwe ngaphakathi kwamafektri ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa nokuhlalala.

Isiphetho

Imfucumfucu ekhiqizwa yizitshalo zokuphulula imivithi iyahlukahluka futhi ingaba nomthelela omkhulu endaweni uma ingaphathwa kahle. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo zemfucumfucu nasekufakeni izindlela zokuphatha ezisebenzayo, ukusebenza kokumbiwa kwamaminerali kunganciphisa imithelela yawo endaweni futhi kukhuthaze ukuzinza. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo nokulandela amazinga okuphatha akhona kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwemfucumfucu ngendlela efanele embonini yokumbiwa kwamaminerali.

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