Ukwazi Ukukhomba Amatshe Anegolide Nokukhetha Imishini Efanele Yokucubungula?
Isikhathi:22 Septhemba 2025
Ukuthola amatshe aphathe igolide nokukhetha imishini efanelekayo yokucubungula kuhilela ukuxubana kokuhlaziywa kwejiyoloji, ukuqaphela kwezimaminerali, kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokucubungula. Nansi umhlahlandlela ophelele:
1. Ukukhomba Izindonga Ezinamathumba Egolide
Igolide ivame ukutholakala ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezitini nasem环境bhalweni ye-geological. Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka izikhumbuzo ezihambisana negolide, kufanele uqonde lezi zici ezilandelayo:
a. Umongo Wezindawo Zokwakhiwa
Izinsiza zegolide zivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne:
- Quartz in Zulu is "ikhwalithi."imithambo: Igolide ivame ukutholakala emathanjini e-quartz ngaphakathi kwezindonga zokubamba.
- Amadwala aliphakathi nezinhlobo zemvelo.Igolide ingavela ezakhiweni ezivulcanic noma njengengxenye yezinhlelo ze-mineral ze-hydrothermal.
- Izimpande zezimbiwa (izikhwama ze-plaster): Izimpiko ezinegoldo zifakwa emanzini agobhoza ezindaweni zomfula noma emachibini (igoldo le-alluvial).
- Amadombo e-ore: Xhumene nezinsiza ezifana ne-pyrite, i-arsenopyrite, ne-chalcopyrite.
b. Izinkomba Zombono
Bheka:
- Shayi, insimbi gogolide: Gowolide yemvelo ibonakala njenge-insimbi, iphuzi, noma iphunga-luphuma ephuzi.
- Amatshe amakhulu: Amatshe enegolide angase azizwe eklanya ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo.
- Ukungcola okukhanyayo (ukugqwala): Ukuphakama koxids of e-iron njenge-hematite noma i-limonite kungabonisa udaka olunezinqwaba zegolide eduze kwendawo.
c. Izindlela Zokufunisela
- IziboneloQoqani izibonelo zezigodlo ezivela kumathambo e-qwatsch, ezindaweni ezindala zokumba, noma ezindaweni eziyaziwa ngokuqhamuka kwegolide.
- Ukuphuca nokuphosa: Qhekeka amatshe futhi ugcine ukuhlanganiswa ezindaweni ezinokhonkolo obonakalayo noma izinqubo.
d. Izivivinyo Zeklabhu
Uma izimpawu ezibonakalayo zingaqinisekile, thumela amasampula wezind đá emlabini ukuze:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Assay: Ikala umthamo wegolide ethokozini.
- Ukuhlaziywa kweGeochemical: Kuhlonza ubuncane begolide kanye nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu.
2. Ukukhetha Imishini Yokucubungula Ehlelekile
Ukukhetha kwezinsiza zokucubungula kuncike kuhlobo lwezinto ezinegolide (i-alluvial, indawo eqinile, noma izinto ze-sulfide) kanye nosayizi wokusebenza. Nansi isithombe esifushane:
a. Izindlela Zokusebenza Ngensimbi Yegolide
- Ukuhweba kwePlacer (Alluvial)
- Kulungele ukuwa okhululekile noma okutholakala emhlabathini.
- Izindlela zifaka phakathi ukuhluza, amabhokisi e-sluice, ama-trommel, kanye nama-jigs.
- Ukumba iRock Hard
- Ngokwegolide efinyelelekayo kumayini e-qwanga noma emadwaleni.
- Kudingeka ukucindezela, ukugaya, nokuhlukanisa.
- Ukumba Okungathobeki
- Ngezinsimbi ezinegolide evaliwe noma eyakhiwe ngokwemithi (isb., izinsimbi ze-sulfide).
- Kudingeka ukushisa, ukucindezela, noma i-bioleaching.
b. Izinsiza Zokucubungula Eziyinhloko
-
Icrushers namaMills (okweHard Rock)
- Ithuluzi le-Jaw: Ukuze kubhujiswe ngokomzimba izindonga ezinkulu.
- Ihhashi lesikhashana noma iBall Mill: Ukuwugaya ube uthuli olunembile.
- Ishumi Lemigoduokukodwa kokunciphisa i-ore yemifino neyesithathu.
-
Izinsiza Zokuhlukanisa Ngomshini Wokuqinisa
- Izimbobo ZokuhlolaHlukanisa ama-partikhuli ansomi ezinto ezilula.
- Izikhonkwane ze-spiralDala ukuhamba okuhlukanisiwe kokukhipha igolide.
- UkuShakeza Amathhebhu: Hlukanisa amaphuzu egolide ngokususelwa kuma-densities ahlukeneyo.
-
Imishini Yokucubungula Okokusebenza
- Ithangi le-CyanidationUkukhawulela igolide ematshe ase-ore aphakeme kakhulu ngokusebenzisa isixazululo se-cyanide. Kulungele izinto eziphansi.
- Iziqukathi Zokuhlanza: Ukuze kuhlolwe amaminerali anama-sulfides nezinye izinto ezinzima.
- Imishini Yokwehlisa(I-Heap noma i-Vat Leaching): Kwezinsimbi ezishisayo.
-
Imishini ye-Electrochemical
- Amagumbi e-ElectrowinningUkuze kutholakale igolide elihlanzekile kusuka esixazululweni.
- Izinhlelo zeKhabhoni Ebenziwa Ngokwakhiwa: Yokumunca nokukhipha ngesikhathi sezinqubo ze-cyanidation.
c. Izinsiza Zokweseka
- AmaPump neZiphakamisi: Phumpa i-slurry noma amanzi bese uhlela usayizi wamaphetshana.
- Imishini YokuhlolaHlukanisa izinto ngosayizi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kahle.
- Izinhlelo Zokuphepha Nezokwakha ngokuzenzakalelayoThuthukisa imisebenzi futhi uqinisekise ukuhlonishwa kwemvelo.
d. Ilinganiselo Lokusebenza
Bheka usayizi nendawo yokusebenza kwakho:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane: Ukuchotshozela, amabhokisi e-sluice, nezindlela zendabuko.
- Isikali esiphakathi: Amakhompiyutha eselula, ama-concentrators aphathekayo, kanye nezihlukanisi zesisindo.
- Ubukhulu obukhulu: Amakhompyutha anzima, izitshalo zokugaya, uku processing kwemichiza ethuthukisiwe, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushisa.
3. Ukuqwashisa Ngemvelo Nokuphepha
Ukukhipha igolide nokucubungula kungaba nemiphumela emhlabeni. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuvumelana nemvelo:
- Sebenzisa futhi uphathe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
- Phumula kahle ama-tailing nemfucuza yemakhemikhali.
- Landela imithetho nemigomo yemvelo ezindaweni zokumbiwa.
4. Ukuhlola Komnotho
- Phumelela ucwaningo lokwenzeka.
- Hlola izindleko zokuthenga, ukusebenza, nokugcina imishini uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwegolide okungenzeka.
- Thola ababoneleli bendawo noma abakhiqizi bezinsiza zokucubungula ukuze unciphise izindleko nezikhathi zokungasebenzi.
Ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezinto zomhlaba, ukuhlola, nokukhetha imishini efanele, ungakwandisa ukusindyiswa kwegolide ngendlela efanele futhi ehlala isikhathi eside.
Thintana Nathi
I-Shanghai Zenith Mineral Co., Ltd. iyinkampani ehamba phambili yokukhiqiza imishini yokuphuca nokugaya eChina. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 yokuhlangenwe nakho embonini yemishini yokumba, i-Zenith yakhile idumela eliqinile lokuhlinzeka ngama-crusher, ama-mill, imishini yokwenza uthuli, kanye nemishini yokucubungula imithombo yezinsiza yekhwalithi ephezulu kumakhasimende emhlabeni jikelele.
Ibhange elisemqoka eShanghai, eShayina, i-Zenith ihlanganisa ucwaningo, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa, kanye nezinsizakalo, inikeza izixazululo ezigcwele kwezokuhlanganisa, ukuthengwa kwemikhiqizo, kanye nezimboni zokushisela imayini. Imishini yayo isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwakha, ezokwakha, ubunjiniyela bokhemikhali, kanye nokuvikela imvelo.
Umgomo ukuyekethisa ekwakheni izinto ezintsha nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, iShanghai Zenith iqhubeka nokuthuthuka kwezokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile nokukhiqiza okuluhlaza, ikunikeza imishini ethembekile kanye nezinsizakalo eziphelele zokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa ukusiza amaklayenti afinyelele ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo nezizinzile.
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