Ihwebo legolide belikhulu emcivilization yabantu, ligqugquzela ukukhula komnotho nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe. Le ndatshana ibheka ukuhamba phambili kwemboni yokumbiwa kwegolide, igcizelela izikhathi ezibalulekile nezithuthukisi.
Ukukhishwa kogolide kuqale ezikhathini zakudala, nendlela yokukhiqiza igolide itholakala ezizindeni ezahlukene:
– AmaGibithe ayephakathi kwabokuqala ukukhipha igolide, esebenzisa amathuluzi alula ukukhipha igolide ezindaweni ezinezinsalela.
– Igolide yayisetshenziswa ezinsizakubhalweni, ezinsizeni zokukhulekela, nasekufuneni imali.
– AmaRoma athuthukisa izindlela zokumba igolide, asebenzisa izindlela zokumba eziyihidraulic ukuze akhiphe igolide ezimfudlaneni.
- Igolide yayibalulekile kwezomnotho kanye nezohwebo zamaRoma.
Phakathi nezikhathi zeMaphakathi neNkathi yeNyanga, ukuwina igolide kwaqhubeka nokuthuthuka:
– Ukumbiwa kwegolide kwakukhawulelwe kodwa kubalulekile emnotfweni, ngezisebenzi ezincane ezindaweni ezifana neSaxony neBohemia.
– Abakhiqizi begolide badlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwegolide kube amaholo nezinsiza zomshado.
– Isikhathi seRenaissance sabona ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe bokumbiwa, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinqola zamanzi nezinqola.
– Ukucwila kwezinsimbi zothuli kwanda ezindaweni ezintsha, kuphathiswa ukubheka nokuhlala.
I-19th century ibonakaliswe yizinsuku eziningi zokudonsela igolide ezashintsha imboni:
– Kwaphakanyiswa ukukhonjwa kwegolide eSutter's Mill, okwaholela emigibeni emikhulu nokukhula komnotho.
– Izinto ezintsha zifaka phakathi amabhokisi okuphahlazeka kanye nezinqwaba zomqhele zokukhipha igolide kahle.
– Ukufunwa kwetjhungulu eNew South Wales naseVictoria kukhangele izinkulungwane zabadlali.
– Kuholele ekukhuleni kwenani labantu okukhulu kanye nentuthuko e-Australia.
– Igolide etholeka eYukon Territory yakhuthaza abafuni begolide ukuba baphuthume kule ndawo.
– Izimo eziwubukhazikhazi ezinzima kanye nezindawo ezikude zihlulele abasebenzi bezokumbiwa, zakhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezindlela zokuhamba nezitechniques zokumbiwa.
Iziqhingi zonyaka ze-20 kanye ne-21 zibonile intuthuko enkulu emadodeni wegolide:
– Ukwethula kokuwashwa kwe-cyanide nokumba okukhululekile kwakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthola.
– Ukusebenza kokusebenza kwezimayini kuhambisane nezobuchwepheshe bokuzisebenzisela ngokuzenzakalelayo.
– Ukumbiwa kogolide kwesimanjemanje kubhekene nezinselele ezihlobene nomthelela kwemvelo kanye nezindlela zokuthola ezihloniphekayo.
– Imizamo iyenzeka ukuze kuqedwe izindlela ezisimeme futhi kuthuthukiswe ubuqotho embonini.
Umlando wokumbiwa kogolide unRich futhi ubandakanya ub complicated, ubonisa ubuchwepheshe obushintshashintshayo nemigomo yezokuhlalisana eyashintsha ngesikhathi. Kusukela ezilwaneni zasendulo ukuya ezinqubweni zanamuhla, ukumbiwa kogolide kuqhubeka nokuba ingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho womhlaba, kubangela ukusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa ngenkathi kubhekana nezinselele ezintsha ekumelaneni nezimo nasemigomweni.
