Yiziphi izinsiza ezisetshenziselwa emkhakheni we-cement?
Isikhathi:12 Septhemba 2025
Izilomo ze-cement zingamafektri aqhubekayo anzima adinga uhlobo oluningi lwezimpahla ukuze ikhiqizwe i-cement ngendlela efanele. Le ndatshana inikeza ukubuka konke okwengeziwe kwezimpahla ezisemqoka ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-cement, igcizelela imisebenzi yazo nokubaluleka kwazo enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
1. Ukukhishwa kweRaw Material kanye nokulungiselela
Isigaba sokuqala ekukhiqizeni isementi sithinta ukukhipha nokulungisa izinto ezisemqoka. Izinto eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa i-limestone, i-clay, ne-ndlovu. Imishini esetshenziswayo kulesi sigaba ihlanganisa:
- Izakhi zezimayini kanye neziwashi: Zisetshenziselwa ukukhipha impahla eluhlaza ezinsizakuweni.
- Izinkamfu: Thutha impahla el raw endaweni yokucindezela.
- Izinsika: Nciphisa usayizi wezinto zokwakha ukuze kube lula kakhulu ukuhlela. Izinhlobo zifaka:
– Izinkulu zeJaws
– Amakhanda Ahlakazayo
– Ukuhlola Umthelela
2. Ukugaya Izinto Ezisemqoka
Uma sekukhishwe, izinto ezingamafutha kumele zishaywe zibe uthuli oluncane. Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze kwenzeke ukuphenduka kemikhakha elandelayo. Imishini esetshenziswayo ifaka phakathi:
- Imishini Yebhola: Izingesi ezijikelezisayo ezigaya izinto zisebenzisa amabhola ensimbi.
- Imishini Yokugaya Engaphezulu: Sebenzisa ama-rollers amakhulu ukuwa nokugaya izinto.
- Imishini Yokuphonsa: Sebenzisa amahhashi ukuhlarha nokugaya izinto.
3. Ukuhlangana Nokugcina Izinto
Ngemuva kokugaya, izinto zokwakha zixutshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka kwezinto okulinganayo. Imishini ebalulekile ifaka phakathi:
- Ukuxuba Ama-Silo: Izitsha ezinkulu zokugcina ezixuba izinto ezingavuthiwe ngokwengqondo.
- Ama-conveyor: Thutha izinto phakathi kwezinyathelo ezihlukene zokukhiqiza.
4. Ukuveliswa Kweclinker
Ukwenziwa kwe-clinker kuyinjongo yokwakhiwa kwezimboni ze-cement. Kubandakanya ukufudumala komxube raw kumazinga aphezulu emlilweni. Izinsiza ezisetshenziswayo kulolu hlelo zifaka:
- Iziqhumiso zeRotary: Iziphuzo ezinkulu ezijikelezayo ezijikeleza ukuze kube nokushisa okufanayo.
- Amakhishi nePrecalciner: Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokufudumeza kancane izinto ezingavuthwa ngaphambi kokungena kusikhukhula.
- Amakh cooler: Phola ngokushesha i-clinker ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlala kwayo okukhanyayo.
5. Ukugaya Isimente
I-clinker efriziwe iyagaya ibe yimpuphu enembile bese ixutshwa ne-gypsum ukukhiqiza isamente. Izinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe zifaka:
- Imishini yokwenza isicement: Kufana nemishini yokwenza impahla eluhlaza, lezi ziqhubezela i-clinker ibe isicement.
- Izihlungi: Hlela izingcezu zecement ngokwezinga ukuze uqiniseke ngokulingana.
6. Ukupakishwa Nokuthunyelwa
Isigaba sokugcina sihlotshiswe ukufaka isimenthu emaphaketheni nokuqinisekisa ukuthi silungiselelwe ukusabalalisa. Imishini ifaka phakathi:
- Imishini yokupakisha: Gcwalisa amabhakede ngamasementi ngokuzenzakalelayo bese uwavala.
- Palletizers: Beka amabhakede kumapalleti ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa.
- Izikhwama zokuhambisa: Thumela i-cement efakiwe ezindaweni zokugcina noma zokulayisha.
7. Imishini Eningi
Ngaphezu kwemishini eyinhloko, ezinye izinto ezisizayo zisekela ukukhiqizwa kwecimenti:
- Izithuthi Zothuli: Thola uthuli nezinto ezincane ukuze ugcine izinga lomoya.
- Amafanisi namaBlower: Ahlinzeka ngegesi yokushisa nokuthutha izinto.
- Uhlelo Lokucutshungulwa Kwamanzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi asetshenziselwa le nqubo acutshungulwa futhi aphinde asetshenziswe.
Isiphetho
Imishini esetshenziselwa emaletheni ye-cement ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni okuphumelelayo nokuqhubekayo. Isethulo ngasinye semishini sinesikhumbuzo esithile, sithuthukisa ikhwalithi jikelele nokuhlelwa kwe-cement ekhiqiziwe. Ukuqonda lezi zinsiza kubalulekile kunoma ngubani obamba iqhaza embonini yokukhiqiza i-cement.
