Izinsiza zemishini eziyisiza ekumboneni Yini indima ngayinye?
Isikhathi:12 Septhemba 2025
Ubuchwepheshe bokumba bungumkhakha onzima obhekene kakhulu nezixhobo zokusebenza ukuze kuthathwe, processing, kanye nokuthutha amaminerali nama-ores aphuma emhlabeni. Lezi zixhobo zibalulekile ukuze kuqhutshekwe ngempumelelo, ukuphepha, kanye nokukhula kokukhiqiza. Le ntathelizindaba ihlola izixhobo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa embumbulweni kanye nezindima zazo.
1. Imishini Yokumba
Izinsiza zokukhanyisa zibalulekile ekuhoxiseni imfucumfucu nasekutholeni imayini. Lezi zinsiza zakhelwe ukuphatha izimpahla eziningi ngokuphumelelayo.
1.1. Ezi-Exavators ze-Dragline
- Indima: Isetshenziswa emisebenzini yokumba phezulu ukususa umthwalo ophakeme nokuqhakambisa izikhunta zezimbiwa.
- Imisebenzi: Ama-dragline anebhakede elikhulu eliphakanyisiwe ukusuka kwi-boom, elisetshenziselwa ukuswayipha impahla bese ibeka kwenye indawo.
1.2. Iziqhumane
- Indima: Isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukufaka imayini ezimotweni zokuhamba.
- Ukuqhuba: Ukuhlwanyela ngombhoxo omkhulu ongakwazi ukufaka nokuphakamisa impahla, ama-shovel abalulekile kokubili ukukhandwa phezulu nasemathunquaneni.
1.3. Ukwembula Kwamathangi amabhakede
- Indima: Isetshenziswa emisebenzini yokuhola eqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ekuweleni kwekhabhoni ne-lignite.
- Umsebenzi: Lezi zimeya zinemoto ejikelezayo enezigaxa ezithatha impahla njengoba imoto ijika.
2. Izinsiza Zokubhola
Imishini yokubhola isetshenziswa ukudala imifantu yokuphahlazeka nokuhlola.
2.1. Amadlala aphezulu
- Indima: Isetshenziswa ukwakha imijolo yokuhlakulela embonini yokumba evulekile.
- Umsebenzi: Ama-drills agijimayo asebenzisa ibhithi elijikayo ukungena ezakhiweni zejoka.
2.2. Amashina Okushaya
- Indima: Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ekumbikweni okuphansi ukuhlinzeka ngamathokheni okudubula.
- Umsebenzi: Lezi zisetshenziswa zisebenzisa isenzo sokushaya ukuze zihlukanise itshe.
2.3. Imishini Yokuhudula Amadima
- Indima: Isetshenziswa ekuhloleni ukudiliza ukuze kutholwe amasampuli amakhona.
- Umsebenzi: Ama-drill we-diamond asebenzisa ibhithi enetiphu yedayimane ukusika phezu kwezinsalela futhi athole izampuli.
3. Imishini Yokuphuca Nokugaya
Uma imayini ithathwa, kudingeka ukuthi iphathwe ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezibalulekile.
3.1. Izikhukhula Zokuthumba
- Indima: Isetshenziselwa ukusika Amatshe amakhulu abe izingcezu ezincane.
- Umsebenzi: Amagqubu e-jaw asebenzisa amandla okucindezela ukudiliza izinto.
3.2. Imishini Yokugaya Amabhola
- Indawo: Isetshenziswa ngokugaya izinto ezisikiwe zibe uthuli olunemibala.
- Umsebenzi: Amabhaluni e-ball ahlanganisa isilinda esijikelezayo esigcwele ama-balls agaya impahla ngaphakathi.
3.3. Amakhompyutha eCone
- Indima: Isetshenziselwa ukuphuca okwesibili emva kokuphuca kwemishini ye-jaw.
- Umsebenzi: Izixhumi zamakoni zisebenzisa ikhoni ejikelezayo ngaphakathi kwekhava engashintshi ukuwasha izinto.
4. Izinsiza Zokuphathwa Kwezinto
Ukuthutha kahle kwemithwalo kubalulekile emisebenzini yokumba.
4.1. Izinhlelo Zokuthutha
- Indima: Isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinto ezinkulu ngezinyawo ezide.
- Umsebenzi: Ama-conveyor belts ahambisa izinto ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwenye, ehla isidingo sokuhambisa ngezandla.
4.2. Abalethi
- Indima: Isetshenziswa ukuze yük izinsiza ezithwalwayo ezimotweni zokuhamba.
- Umsebenzi: Amaloadi anebhakede elibekwe phambili elingakhipha futhi likhuphule izinto.
4.3. Izimoto Zokuhambisa
- Indima: Isetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla eziningi ezigcwele ukusuka endaweni yokumba ukuya ezindaweni zokucubungula.
- Imisebenzi: Lezi zinsizakusebenza zenzelwe ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo phezu kwezindawo ezinzima.
5. Izinsiza Zokuphepha Nezokubheka
Ukuvikeleka kubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokumba, futhi kudlalwa izinsiza ezahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nokuqapha izimo.
5.1. Izinhlelo Zokuthola Igasi
- Indima: Isetshenziselwa ukulandelela amagesi abuthakathaka emigodini yeziqhwaga.
- Umsebenzi: Lezi zinhlelo zithola amagesi afana ne-methane kanye ne-carbon monoxide ukuze kuvinjelwe izingxenye.
5.2. Izinhlelo Zokulawula Emaphansini
- Indima: Isetshenziswa ukuqapha nokuzinzisa izakhiwo zezitini.
- Umsebenzi: Izinhlelo zokulawula umhlaba zifaka phakathi ama-bolts wezinsalela nemesh ukuvimbela ukuwa.
5.3. Izinhlelo Zokubheka Ezikude
- Indima: Isetshenziselwa ukulandelela ukusebenza kwezinsiza kanye nezimo zemvelo.
- Ukusebenza: Lezi zinhlelo zihlinzeka ngemininingwane yesikhathi sangempela ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenza futhi zandise ukuphepha.
Isiphetho
Izinsiza ze-mechanical zidlala indima ebalulekile embonini yokumba, kusukela ekukhaflweni nasekukhudlweni kuya emsebenzini nasekuthuthweni. Isisodwa ngasinye senziwe ukuze senze imisebenzi ethile ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwemicimbi yokumba. Ukuqonda umsebenzi nendima yalezi zinsiza kubalulekile kune muntu ophakathi nendawo embonini yokumba.
