Yiziphi izinto ezingavuthiwe zokukhiqiza isement?
Isikhathi:17 Septhemba 2025
Ikhasi likamasipala liphakathi kokwakhiwa okubalulekile okusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yokwakha emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqonda izinto ezingavela ekukhiqizweni kwalo kubaluleke kakhulu kubachwepheshe bezimboni kanye nezithandani. Le ndatshana ihlinzeka ngombono obanzi wezinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ikhaladi.
Uhlolojikelele Lokukhiqizwa KweCement
Ukukhiqizwa kwesamente kubandakanya izigaba eziningana, kuqala ekuhlwempuzweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kuya enqubweni yokugrinda yokugcina. Ijolise elikhulu ukukhiqiza i-clinker, etholakala ibhujiswa ukuze yenze isamente. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwesamente zikhethwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga nezakhiwo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Izinto eziyisisekelo zokwakha
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cement kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokwakha ezihlinzekayo ngezinto ezisemqoka zezemvelo. Izinto eziyinhloko zokwakha zifaka phakathi:
1. Lime lhasha
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kwekhemikhali: Ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).
- Umsebenzi: Uhlinzeka nge-calcium oxide (CaO), okuyisakhi esiyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwe-clinker.
- Umthombo: Ukhishwe ezindaweni zokumba amahlanga.
2. I-Clay noma i-Shale
- Ukwakheka Kwenkanyezi: Iqukethe i-silica (SiO₂), i-alumina (Al₂O₃), kanye ne-iron oxide (Fe₂O₃).
- Umsebenzi: Uhlinzeka nge-silica kanye ne-alumina, okungukuthi okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-silicates kanye ne-aluminates ku-clinker.
- Umthombo: Utholiwe ezinsizakwenkuni zekhaliya noma izakhiwo ze-shale.
3. Isihlabathi
- Ukuhlangana Kwezinto: Ikakhulukazi consists of silica (SiO₂).
- Umsebenzi: Ube ngumthombo wesilika, ophakamisa amandla nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwe-cement.
- Umthombo: Ukukhipha ezindaweni zokumba isihlabathi noma ezigabeni zomfula.
4. I-ore yensimbi
- Uhlangothi lweKimikali: Ogcwele i-iron oxide (Fe₂O₃).
- Umsebenzi: Unika insimbi, esiza ekwakhekeni kweferrites ku-clinker.
- Umthombo: Ukutholwe ezindaweni zokumbiwa kwensimbi.
Izinto ezisemqoka ezengeziwe
Ngaphezu kwezinto eziyisisekelo zokwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwe-cement kungabandakanya nezinye izinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo noma kwehliswe izindleko. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
1. Ijiphuzi
- Umsebenzi: Wengezwe ngesikhathi sokugaya ukuze kulawulwe Isikhathi sokusetha se-cement.
- Umthombo: Ukhishwe emigodini ye-gypum.
2. I-Ash Ye-Fly
- Umsebenzi: Usetshenziselwa njengento eyengeziwe yokwakha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo.
- Umkhiqizo ophumayo eziteshini zamandla ezikhiqizwa ngamakhosimende.
3. Uhlanga
- Umsebenzi: Ubenza njengempahla engeziwe yokwakha, uthuthukisa amandla nokuhlala isikhathi eside.
- Umkhiqizo ovela ekwenziweni kwesithako sesikhumbuzo.
Ukuxuba kweKhimiya nokuhlukaniswa
Uhlaka lwamakhemikhali lwezincibilikisi lubalulekile ezicini zayo. Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zezingxenye ezisemqoka ezincibilikisini ziyi:
- I-Oxide yeCalcium (CaO): 60-65%
- I-Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂): 20-25%
- Aluminium Oxide (Al₂O₃): 5-10%
- Iron Oxide (Fe₂O₃): 2-5%
Lezi zilinganiso zingahluka kuye ngesigaba se-cement esikhiqizwayo nezidingo ezithile zophuhliso lwezakhiwo.
Isiphetho
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cement kuyinqubo ehlukahlukeneyo ephathelene kakhulu nekhwalithi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziyisisekelo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza futhi kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela nokucubungula lezi zinto eziyisisekelo, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza i-cement ehambisana nezidingo eziqinile zokwakhiwa kwanamuhla.
