Ikhonkco yisithako esiyisisekelo sokwakha esisetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwesiko, isihlabathi siwumphakathi obalulekile ezixubeni ze-concrete, kodwa ngenxa yezinkinga zemvelo nobunzima bokuthola izinsiza, kutholwa ezinye izindlela. Le ngqikithi ijulile ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ukuthathelwa indawo isihlabathi ku-concrete.
Umkhakha wezokwakha ufunisisa ngokuya ukhula izindlela ezizinzile zokusebenza ngezinto eziyinkambiso. I-fula, okuyisithako esiyinhloko okwakhiwa ngaso i-concrete, itholakala kancane ngenxa yokukhipha kakhulu nokulawulwa kwemvelo. Njengoba kulokhu, abacwaningi nabaklami bahlola izinto ezahlukene ukuze zifake indawo ye-fula emishinini ye-concrete.
Izinto eziningi ziye zatholwa njengezihl alternative ezingenza indawo ye- sand ku- concrete. Lezi zindlela ezingezwakali kuphela ezikhathazayo ngezemvelo kodwa futhi zikhombisa izici ezihlukile ezingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-concrete.
Ithafa eliphukile linye lamaqhinga ajwayelekile kakhulu esandleni ku-concrete. Likhiqizwa ngokuphuka amatshe, njenge-granite, limestone, noma i-basalt.
– Amandla okucindezela aphezulu
– Ukuphila kahle
– Ukutholakala okuningi
– Izindleko zokuhamba eziphezulu
– Amandla okukhula kokugqokwa kwemishini yokuhlanganisa
I-aggregate ye-concrete ehlelwe kabusha ikhiqizwa ezakhiweni ze-concrete ezibhidliziwe. Iphroseswa ukuze kususwe izinto ezingcolisayo bese icwengwa ibe nosayizi of desired.
– Inciphisa udoti nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo
– Ukubiza kahle
– Amandla afanayo nekhonkrithi yesintu
– Ukungafani kwekhwalithi
– Izinkinga zokungcoliswa ezingaba khona
I-daka elikhiqiziwe ikhiqizwa ngokugqashuka kwezitini ukuze kudaleke ama-particles afana nosayizi be-daka bemvelo.
– Ikhwalithi nezigaba ezihambisanayo
– Ukunciphisa umthelela kwemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa kwesihlabathi semvelo
– Kufuneka ukucubungula ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi
– Ingase ibe ne-microfines ethinta izakhiwo zokuqina
I-slag sand iyimveliso ephumayo ekwenzeni insimbi, ikakhulukazi ivela kwi-slag ye-blast furnace.
– Ukumelana okuphezulu
– Ukuhlela kahle
– Inciphisa udoti lwemboni
– Ukukh availability okuvinjwe ezindaweni ezithile
– Ukungafani okungenzeka ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali
I-bottom ash yimveliso ephumayo ekushisweni kwamalahle eziteshini zamandla. Ingasetshenziswa njengokufanekisela isihlabathi kukhonkco.
– Isebenzisa udoti wombuso
– Ukubiza kahle
– Amandla aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nesihlabathi semvelo
– Izinkinga ezingenzeka zemvelo
Ingilazi ehlulwe ingasetshenziswa njengendlela esikhundleni sephetshana ekwakheni. Ikhiqizwa ngamabhodlela nempahla ye-glass ethathwe kabusha.
– Phucukisa ukubukeka kahle
– Ukuphila kahle
– Isebenzisa impahla ethathiwe (recycled materials)
– Ithuba lokuphendula kwe-alkali-silica
– Kudinga ukuhlinzwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe imikhono ebukhali
Ukufuna izikh alternatives ku-sand ku-concrete kuphakathi kwezinkinga zezemvelo, ezomnotho, nezokushoda kwezinsiza. Ukwenza ngezinto ngayinye kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile nezinkinga, futhi ukukhetha kuncike kumaphrojekthi athile, ukutholakala, kanye nezici ezifunwayo. Njengoba umkhakha wokwakha uqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezintsha, lezi zikh alternatives zizoba nendima ebalulekile emikhakheni yokwakha ehlala isikhathi eside.
Ngokwamukela lezi zinketho, imboni yokwakha ingasiza ekwakheni ikusasa eliqinile ngokugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo nokusebenza kwekholi.
