Yiziphi izisetshenziswa zemishini ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola insimbi?
Isikhathi:12 Septhemba 2025
Ukuc mining kwekhabhoni iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya izigaba ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye iphakathi kokufuna imishini eyinqaba. Le ndatshana ibheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ezisetshenziswa embonini yokumba ikhabhoni, igcizelela izindima zazo nemisebenzi yazo.
1. Ukuhlola nokubhoboza
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhipha ikhopha, kubalulekile ukuthola nokuqonda ukutholakala kwezikhiye zekhopha. Le nqubo ihilela:
- Imishini Yokumbiwa: Isetshenziselwa ukukhipha amasampuli enhloko ngaphansi kobuso bomhlaba ukuze kuhlolwe okuqukethwe kwemaminerali.
- Imishini yeGeophysical: Amathuluzi afana namagnetometers namagravimeters asiza ekwakheni imeko ye-geology engaphansi komhlaba.
2. Ukukhishwa
Uma kutholakele umphako wekhava ofanele, inqubo yokukhipha iqala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
2.1 Ukumbiwa Kwezimayini Ngezimbobo
Ivula-pit yokumba yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokukhipha ikhasi. Imishini esetshenziswayo ifaka:
- Izikhiphi: Imishini enkulu esetshenziselwa ukususa umthwalo ophakanyisiwe nezinsimbi ezivela emgandini.
- Izinsiza Zokudonsa: Thutha i-ore ekhishwe kanye nemfucumfucu iye ezitsheni zokucubungula noma ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu.
- Imishini Yokubhoboza Nokuthumba: Isetshenziselwa ukwephula itshe ukuze kube lula ukuhamba nokucubungula.
2.2 Ukumba Phansi
Kwezemali ezijulile, ukumbiwa phansi kusebenzelwa. Imishini ebalulekile ifaka:
- Ama-loader: Aphinde aziwa njenge-LHD (Load, Haul, Dump) imishini, lezi zisetshenziselwa ukufaka insimbi ezimotweni noma ezikhethweni.
- Imithwalo Yezimayini: Thutha ithusi ukusuka ebhizinisini lokumba ukuya phezulu.
- Jumbo Drills: Zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqa izikhala lapho kufakwa khona ama-explosives okwenza umnyombo.
3. Ukucindezela nokugaya
Ngemuva kokukhipha, udaka lwekhopha kumele luphukiswe futhi luphonswe ukuze kukhululwe izimayini ze-khopha. Imishini esetshenziselwa lesi sigaba ifaka:
- Izikrweqe Zokuphuka: Phula izingcezu ezinkulu ze-ore zibe izingcezu ezincane.
- Ama-Cone Crushers: Aqhubeka nokunciphisa usayizi wezinsalela zothuli.
- Imishin ngamatshe: Ganda i-ore ephukile ibe uphuzo olunembayo, kulula ukuwuhlukanisa ikhopha kwamanye amaminerali.
4. Ukwakhiwa kwengqondo
Inqubo yokucindezela ihlukanisa imayini ye-copper kumatshe angasetshenziswa. Imishini esetshenzisiwe ifaka:
- Izikhwama Ze-Froth Flotation: Sebenzisa amakhemikhali nezinsipho zomoya ukuhlukanisa imibimbi ye-copper ephuma ku-slurry.
- Umjovo: Qinisa i-slurry ye-copper ngokukhipha amanzi amaningi.
- Izihlungi: Susa umswakama owengeziwe ophumayo emhlanganweni wekoporo.
5. Ukukhanyisa nokuhlanza
Isigaba sokugcina ekukhiqizeni kwensimbi ephumelelayo sifaka ukushisa nokuhlukanisa ukugxiliswa ukuze kukhiqizwe insimbi ehlanzekile. Imishini ebalulekile ifaka:
- Izikhiphi: Izikhuphukeli ezishisa ukutholakala kuzinga eliphezulu, zihlukanisa ikhopha nezinto ezingcolile.
- Imikhono ye-Electrolytic: Isetshenziselwa inqubo yokuphuma ukuze kutholakale ikhopha ephezulu yokuhlanzeka nge-electrolysis.
- Amabhubesi e-Anode: Phumelela kakhulu ikhopha ukuze ukhiphe noma yiziphi izinsalela ezisele.
6. Imishini Esiwusizo
Ngaphezu kwemishini eyinhloko, amathuluzi nemishini ehlukene esiza kumsebenzi wokukhwenya ukhuni:
- Izikhwama: Transporta i-ore nezinsalela phakathi kwemayini nasezikhungweni zokucubungula.
- Amathayili: Ehla amanzi nesigaxa kulo msebenzi wezokumbiwa kanye nezokucubungula.
- Izinhlelo Zokuhambisa Umoya: Qinisekisa ukuhamba kahle komoya ezindaweni eziphansi ukuze kugcinwe izimo zokusebenza eziphephile.
Isiphetho
Ukumba ikhopha kuwumsebenzi onobunzima obuningi obuncike kakhulu kwezokusebenza okhethekile. Ukusuka ekuhloleni kuya ekuhlanzeni, zonke izigaba zomsebenzi zidinga imishini ethile ukuze ikhiphe futhi icubungule i-copper ore kahle nangokuphepha. Ukuqonda indima yokusebenza ngakunye kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokumba nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuyimpumelelo kwekhophi.
