Yimaphi imithi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nephrojekthi yokukhishwa kwamalahle?
Isikhathi:12 Septhemba 2025
Ukukhipha amakhowe kuyi ndlela eyinkimbinkimbi efaka izigaba ezihluke-hluke futhi idinga amakhompyutha ahlukahlukene nezinsiza ezikhethekile. Le ndatshana ihlinzeka ngombono ohlatshwayo wezinsiza ezibalulekile namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kuphumelele iphrojekthi yokukhipha amakhowe.
1. Izinsiza Zokuhlola Nokuhlola
Ngaphambi kokuthi imisebenzi yokumba iqale, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu nokuhlola ukuze kuhlolwe ukubekwa kwekhabhoni.
- Izinsiza Zomhlaba: Zisetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwezishoshovu ukuze kuqondwe uhlaka lwezogologo.
- Imishini Yokumbiwa: Yokuhlola imithombo ukuze kutholakale ikhwalithi nenani likakholi.
- Izinhlelo ze-GPS ne-GIS: Ukuze kube nokwakhiwa nokuhlelwa okuqondile kwesiza sokumbiwa.
2. Imishini Yokulungiselela Indawo
Uma indawo ikhethwe, ukuphishekela kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuphumelelayo.
- Amabhuludhoza: Ukuze kukhishwe ukhula nokulinganisa umhlabathi.
- Ama-Excavator: Setshenziselwa ukudonsa nokukhipha umhlaba ophakeme (umhlaba nemبala ophakeme kwi-coal seam).
- Izinsiza zokuhlola: Ukuze kudaleke izindawo eziqondile zokwakha imigwaqo nezinhlelo zokwakha.
3. Imishini Yokukhipha
Isizinda sohlelo lokuthola amalahle yizinsiza ezisetshenziselwa ukususa amalahle emhlabeni.
3.1 Imishini Yokuthola Izinsiza Emhlabeni
Ekuhlangabezweni okuphezulu noma emayini yokugaya, imishini elandelayo ibalulekile:
- Izingobozi: Imishini emikhulu esetshenziselwa ukususa umhlaba ophakeme nokuvula imithombo yamakholi.
- I-Bhakedisi Yewhi: Yokukhubazeka okuqhubekayo nokususwa kwemathiriyeli.
- Imigibeli kanye Nezithuthuthu: Ukuze uhlanganise ikhabhoni ezithuthuthweni zokuthutha.
3.2 Imishini Yokumba Ngaphansi Dala
Ukuze kuqhutshwe imisebenzi yokumba emanzini, kudingeka imishini ekhethekile:
- Imishini eqhubekayo: Imishini ekhupha futhi iqoqe amalahle ngaphandle kokubhola nokuphuka.
- Abakhukhwini beLongwall: Basetshenziswa emithonjeni yokumba eye-Longwall ukusika uhlanga lwekhabhoni ophumayo.
- Izincwadi Zophahla: Ukuqinisa uphahla lomfucumfucu nokwenza kube безопасно.
4. Imishini Yokuthutha
Izinhlelo zokuthutha ezisebenza kahle zibalulekile ukuhambisa ikhabhoni ukusuka endaweni yokukhipha ziye ezikhungweni zok processing.
- Izikhwama Zokuthutha: Ukuze kuthuthwe ikhalori emadlelweni amafushane ngaphakathi emayini.
- Amathrekhi nezimoto zokuthutha: Ukuze kuthuthwe ikholi ukuya ezitshalweni zokucubungula noma emakhanda emabhoshwe.
- Izinhlelo Zethayela: Ukuze kuthuthwe kahle amalahle kumsebenzisi wokugcina noma ezikhumulweni.
5. Imishini Eyenzayo
Uma sesikhiphe, uhlanga kumele luphathwe ukuze luhlangabezane nezincazelo zezimakethe.
- Iziphanga: Ukunciphisa usayizi wamakhola ukuze kube lula ukuwaphatha nokuwasebenza.
- Izikrini: Zokuhlunga ikhabhoni ngokukhulu futhi zikususa izinkinga.
- Washa Izitshalo: Uku cleansa ikhono futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yalo ngokususa umhlabathi nezinsalela.
6. Izinsiza Zokuphepha Nezemvelo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabantu abasebenza kanye nokunciphisa umthelela kwemvelo kuyizici ezibalulekile zephrojekthi yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
- Izinhlelo Zokuphakelwa Komoya: Ukuhlinzeka ngomoya omusha nokukhipha amagagasi abalulekile ezitshalweni eziphansi.
- Izinhlelo Zokunciphisa Ubuqhawe: Ukulawula ubuqhawe obukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokumbiwa nokucubungula.
- Izitshalo Zokwelapha Amanzi: Ukuze zilawule futhi zihlabelele amanzi angcolile avela ezinqubweni zokumbiwa.
7. Ukuxhasa Nokugcinwa Kwemishini
Ukuhlinzekwa kwezimfanelo zokugcina nokuqapha kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imboni nemishini iyasebenza.
- Izink workshop nezinsiza: Zokulungisa nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke.
- Izinsizakusebenza zeMobhile: Ukuze uthwale futhi uhambise imishini esindayo ngenkathi yokmaintenance.
- Izinhlelo Zokuphakelwa Kakha Nokushelela: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imishini isebenza kahle futhi kahle.
Isiphetho
Iphrojekthi yokukhandwa kwamalahle idinga uhla oluhlukahlukene lwezimbali nemishini, ngayinye ibamba indima ethile kuhlelo lokukhalipha. Kusukela ekuhloleni nasekulungiseleleni indawo, kuze kufike ekukhandeni, ukuhamba, nasekucubunguleni, imishini efanele ibalulekile ukuze kube nokusebenza okuphephile nokusebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo zokuphepha nezemvelo kumele ziqhutshwe kuyo yonke ingxenye yephrojekthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindlela zokukhandwa ezisimeme.
