Cementku waxa uu yahay qayb aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah dhismaha casriga ah, waxaana soo saaristiisu ku lug leedahay silsilad falcelinno kiimiko ah iyo habraacyo. Fahamka qaacidooyinka kiimikada iyo habraacyada ku lug leh soo saarista cementka ayaa muhiim u ah hagaajinta tayadiisa iyo waxqabadkiisa.
Soosaarka siminta wuxuu ku lug leeyahay dhowr marxaladood, mid kasta oo leh falcelinno kiimiko oo gaar ah. Agabka aasaasiga ah ee loo isticmaalo soo saarista siminta waa dhagax lime (calcium carbonate), dhoobo, iyo ciid. Agabkan waxay mariyaan silsilad habraacyo si loo sameeyo siminta, oo inta badan ka kooban sunnooyin sida tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, iyo tetracalcium aluminoferrite.
Hannaanka soo saarista cements-ka waa lagu kala qaybin karaa dhowr marxaladood oo muhiim ah, mid walbana wuxuu ku lug leeyahay falcelinno kiimiko oo gaar ah. Hoos waxaa ku qoran faahfaahin dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan marxaladahan:
– Burburka calcium carbonate:
\[\text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CaO} + \text{CO}_2 \uparrow\]
– Dhismayaasha tricalcium silicate:
\[3\text{CaO} + \text{SiO}_2 \rightarrow 3\text{CaO} \cdot \text{SiO}_2\]
– Sameynta dicalcium silicate:
\[2\text{CaO} + \text{SiO}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{CaO} \cdot \text{SiO}_2\]
– Sameynta tricalcium aluminate:
\[3\text{CaO} + \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \rightarrow 3\text{CaO} \cdot \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3\]
– Sameynta tetracalcium aluminoferrite:
\[4\text{CaO} + \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + \text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 \rightarrow 4\text{CaO} \cdot \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 \cdot \text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3\]
– Qodista dhagxaanta, fawaaqada, iyo ciidda
– Isku dheelitirka alaabada ceeriin
– Taallada hore ee kuleylka
– Falcelinta calcination
– Foorno leexsan
– Falcelinno heerkul sare
– Qabooba clinker
– Mashiinka duuban
– Ku darida gypsum
Soo saarka simente waxa ku lug leh silsilad falcelinno kiimiko oo adag, kuwaasoo si weyn diiradda u saaraya isbeddelka agabka ceeriin ilaa clinker, kaasoo ka dib la shiidi doono si loo sameeyo simente. Fahamka habatanada kiimikada iyo foomamkooda kala duwan ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah hagaajinta tayada simente iyo waxtarka soo saarista. Iyadoo la hagaajinayo heer kasta, soosaarayaasha waxay soo saari karaan simente tayo sare leh oo buuxinaysa baahiyaha dhismaha casriga ah.
