Yiziphi Izigaba Eziyinhloko Zokuqhubeka Kwezokukhiqiza Kofeleba?
Isikhathi:23 October 2025
Ukukhohlwa kwensimbi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya izingxenye eziningi, ngakunye kubalulekile ekukhipheleni nasekuhlanganiseni izinsimbi zensimbi. Ukuqonda lezi zingxenye kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwemvelo. Ngezansi, sihlola izigaba ezibalulekile zenqubo ezisebenza ekukhohlweni kwensimbi.
1. Ucwaningo nokuthola
Isigaba sokuqala sokukhukhumala kwemabula yisizukulwane nokutholwa kwezimboni zamakhabhoni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- Izifundo Zezinto Zomhlaba: Ukusebenzisa imephu ye-geological kanye nemifanekiso ye-satellite ukuthola izindawo ezinomkhuba we-copper.
- Ukuhlaziywa kweGeochemical: Ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwezibonelo zomhlabathi nezinsalela ukuze kutholakale izinga le-copper.
- Izindlela Zomhlaba: Ukusebenzisa amasu afana nezifundo ze-seismic kanye nezemagnetic ukuthola izikweletu ze-copper ezingaphansi komhlaba.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlela
Uma kudingeka ukusondela kumphakathi ophumelelayo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlela, okuhlanganisa:
- Izifundo Zokufaneleka: Ukuhlola ukuhweba kwezomnotho kokufakwa, kuhlanganisa nezindleko ezilinganisiwe kanye nemali engenayo engaba khona.
- Ukuhlaziywa Kwemiphumela YezeMvelo (EIA): Ukuhlola imithelela engaba khona yemvelo ezindleleni zokumbiwa nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokunciphisa.
- Idizayini yeMina: Ukuhlela ukuhleleka kwemina, kuhlanganisa indawo yamathafa, izigaxa zempahla, nemithombo yokucubungula.
3. Ukukhishwa
Isigaba sokukhishwa sihlobene nokukhipha i-ore ye-copper emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngale ndlela:
3.1 Ukukhwabanisa Okusemgodleni
- Ukumbiwa Nokukhukhuleka: Ukudala ukufinyelela emgolweni ngokumba imifula nokuqhubezela ukwephula itshe.
- Ukulayisha nokuhambisa: Ukuthutha ubhelana obuphukile phezulu kusetshenziswa amathrekhi amakhulu noma ama-conveyor.
3.2 Ukumba Phansi
- Ukuvulela Izinhlaka: Ukwakha izikhala eziqondile noma ezihambile ukuze uthole umzimba we-ore.
- Igumbi kanye nePillar/Block Caving: Ukusebenzisa amasu akhethekile ukukhipha impahla ngenkathi kugcinwa ukufaneleka kwemayini.
4. Ukugcoba nokugaya
Uma extractwa, umuthi wekholwe ubhujiswa ukwandise umthamo wekholwe. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukucindezela: Ukuhlukanisa izingcezu ezinkulu ze-ore zibe izingcezu ezincane kusetshenziswa ama-crusher.
- Ukugaya: Ukunciphisa size ye-ore ngokusebenzisa imishini yokugaya ukuze kukhishwe izimayini ze-copper emadlalweni aphakathi kokwakhiwa.
5. Ukugxila
Isigaba sokugxila sihilela ukuhlukaniswa kwezimamzimba ze-copper ezivela materia ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kuvame ukufezekiswa ngokwe:
- Ukukhazimula kweFroth: Ukuxuba i-ore ephanduliwe namanzi nezChemicals ukuze kudaleke i-slurry, bese kuyapholishwa ukuze kudaleke amabhakabhaka okuthi amaminera ekhopperi abophelele kuwo, okuvumela ukuthi akhishwe.
- Ukuvuvukala nokuhlanza: Ukukhipha amanzi amaningi enkambisweni ukuze kukhiqizwe impahla ayinsimbi enokhuphe oluhambelanayo.
6. Ukuhlungiwa nokucubungula
Ikhophu egxilile ibhujiswa njalo ibhiziswa ukuze ikhiqize insimbi yekhophu ehlanzekile.
- Ukushisa: Ukufudumala kokukhipha okugcwalisiwe emlilweni ukuze kuhlukaniswe ukhopho nezinye izinto, kukhiqizwe ukhopho olushisayo olubizwa ngokuthi matte.
- Ukuguqulwa: Ukuqinisekisa ukushaqeka kwematte ngokuphuma komoya ukuze kukhishwe izinto ezingafunwa.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Electrolytic: Ukusebenzisa inqubo ye-electrolytic ukuze kuzuze ikhopha enobumsulwa obuphezulu, ngokuvamile obungama-99.99%.
7. UkuPhathwa Kwezibi Nokucabangela Izemvelo
Ukukhiqiza kwekhopsa kukhiqiza udoti omkhulu, kanti ukuphathwa kwalokhu ngokresponsibility kubalulekile:
- Ukuphathwa Kwezinsalela: Ukugcina nokwelapha imikhiqizo ethathwe kwi-process ye-ore ukuze kuvinjwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
- Ukubuyiselwa kanye Nokubuyiselwa: Ukubuyisela izindawo ezithathiwe emoyeni wazo wemvelo noma ukuzisebenzisa kwezinye izinjongo.
8. Ukuvalwa Nokusebenza Ngemva Kokumba
Isigaba sokugcina sihlanganisa ukuvalwa kwemayini nokwenza uqinisekise ukuzinza kwemvelo isikhathi eside.
- Ukukhansela: Ukulahlwa ngokuphepha kwemigqomo yokumba kanye nezinsiza.
- Ukuqapha: Ukuhlola ngokuqhubekayo umthelela wezokEnvironment wesizinda semayini esivaliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nemithetho.
Ngokwazi kahle nokwenza ngcono yonke le mikhakha, imisebenzi yokumba nge-copper ingathuthukisa ukukhiqiza, inciphise izindleko, futhi yehlise umthelela emvelweni, okunikeza indima ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezokumba ohlala isikhathi eside.
