Indlela yokukhetha inqubo efanele yokuthuthukisa i-quartz?
Isikhathi:5 Septhemba 2025
Inhloso enkulu yokusebenzisa i-quartz ukuwukwenza kube sico kuzo zonke izinto ezingafanele, njengezinyithi, i-aluminium, i-calcium, i-titanium, kanye nezinye izinto ezingaphakathi, ezivela ku-quartz raw ore, ngaleyo ndlela kulungiselelwa ubumsulwa be-quartz ukuze buhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso ezithile zemboni. Lezi zindinganiso zihluke kakhulu ngokuya ngezinjongo zokugcina, zisukela ekwenziweni kwengilazi ejwayelekile kuya kwengilazi ye-photovoltaic, i-silicon ye-electronic-grade, kanye nezamatshe ezithuthuke kakhulu. Inqubo yokuhlanza kufanele yakhelwe ngendlela elula ngokuya ngemikhuba yokungcolisa, izindlela zokufika kwazo, kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ukuqonda Izici Ze-ORE Nezindawo Zezinga Lokuhlanzeka
Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukujova, ukuhlola kwemakhemikhali okujulile kanye nokutholwa kwemaminerali kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale izici ezisemqoka ezimbili ezakha isisekelo sokukhethwa kwenqubo:
1. Izinhlobo Zokungcola Nokusatshalaliswa
- Izinsimbi zensimbi ezikhululekile(i.e., hematite, magnetite): Ukuhlukaniswa kwemagnethi kuyindlela ethandwayo yokukhipha ubungcweti.
- Aluminosilicate amaminerali(i.e., i-feldspar, i-mica): Ukuhlehla kusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ukuhlukanisa lezi zikhubekiso ezingezona ezisebenza ngamagneti.
- Izincwajana zamalattice(e.g., izinsalela zensimbi noma titanium ezifakwe ngaphakathi kukristalu ye-quartz): Lokhu kudinga ukukhipha ama-asidi noma ukwelashwa okuphezulu kokushisa ukuze kukhishwe ngempumelelo.
2. Izidingo Zokuhlanzeka
- I-Quartz sand yekhwalithi evamile.: SiO₂ ≥ 99.5%, Fe₂O₃ ≤ 0.05%
- I-quartz sand ye-photovoltaic-grade: SiO₂ ≥ 99.99%, Fe₂O₃ ≤ 0.001%
- I-quartz yekhwalithi ye-electronic: SiO₂ ≥ 99.999%, ngaphandle kokungcoliswa okukhona.
Inqubo Evamile Yokuthuthukiswa KweQuartz
Inqubo yokuthuthukisa i-quartz ngokuvamile ilandela inqubo ejwayelekile yokuphula, ukufaka, ukususwa kwezinto ezingcolile ngaphambi kok treatment, ukujula komoya, nokugxilisa. Izigaba ngazinye zihlola izinhlobo ezithile zezinto ezingcolile ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ukuze kuzuze ubumsulwa obufanele kanye nosayizi wezinto.
1. Ukuphahlazeka: Ukulungiselela i-Ore ukuze iGrindiwe
Isigaba sokuqala sokucindezela siyadingeka ukuze sinciphise amabhlogo amakhulu e-ore elingakabi lula ukuze abe sizes ezinhle zokugaya. Ngokuvamile, kwenziwa ukuhlanganiswa kokucindezela okukhudlwana nokuncane:
- Ukudilizela OkungaphezuluIzinsimbi ze-jaw zisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ukudiliza amakh chunk amakhulu e-ore abe yizingcezu ezincane.
- Ukuhlakazwa Kwezinto Ngokucindezelwa KakhuluIzimpahla zokuhlinzwa eziphakanyisiwe noma izinkanyezi zepu zinciphisa usayizi wezithako kube ngu-10–30 mm, zithuthukisa usayizi wokudla ukuze zibe lula ekugayeni okulandelayo.
- UkuhlolwaNgemuva kokuphula, izikrini ezivibrayo zihlukanisa impahla, zisusa ama-particles amakhulu futhi ziqinisekisa usayizi ofanayo wokudla esigabeni sokugaya. Lokhu kwehlisa umthwalo wokugaya futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhulula.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi: Ukususwa kwezimfucumfucu ezinkulu nokuq prepare for liberation
- Ukucwenga nokuhlanza: Kwezinsimbi ze-quartz ezinokwakheka okukhulu kwe-clay noma umjolo (njengokuhlukumezeka kwe-quartz sand), imishini yokuwasha efana nezihlukanisi ezijikelezayo noma izixubhu zamavolumu isusa ama-clay aphumile kanye nama-slimes afanayo. Lokhu kuvimba ukujoliswa kwemfucumfucu ebusweni be-quartz, okungavimbela izinqubo zokuhlukanisa ezilandelayo.
- Ukubheka nokuhlukanisaAmaskrini aphumuzayo ayrhuzisa amaqoqo e-quartz ngosayizi, ahlukumeza izingxenye ezifanele ukuwucubungula okukhulu futhi asuse amabhlogo amakhulu e-gangue afana ne-granite ne-calcite, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemandla kokugaya.
3. Ukugaya Nokukhululwa: Ukudalula Ukungcola Okufakwe ngaphakathi
Imineral ye-quartz ivamise ukuba ne-minerals ezingafunwanga ezixubene kakhulu nama-crystals e-quartz. Ukuvithiza kubalulekile ukuze kufinyelelwe ekukhululeni imineral.
- Imishini EjwayelekileAma-Ball mills noma ama-rod mills asetshenziselwa, lapho ama-rod mills ethokoziswa lapho kuthuthukiswa khona ukujolisa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukujolisa kwe-quartz.
- Ukucwebezela OkuphezuluIzinjongo ezidingekayo zisezingeni elidingekayo, okuvivinyeze umkhiqizo wezinkulungwane. Ngokuhlukana kwezilimbi zomhlaba ezijulile (50–100 μm), ukugaya ukuze uthole u-30%-50% ohambayo nge-200 mesh kuvamise ukuba kunele. Ngokuqinile kakhulu (<20 μm), ukugaya ukuze uthole u-80% ohambayo nge-325 mesh noma ngaphezulu kungase kudingeke.
4. Ukuhlanzwa
Le ngxenye ebalulekile ihlanganisa izindlela ezahlukene ezihloselwe uhlobo lwezinkinga:
| Indlela Yokuhlanzwa |
Izinhlayiya Eziqondiwe |
Izimiso Nezincazelo Zempahla |
| Ukwehlukana Kwamagneti |
Imineral equbala uthayela namathayi (Fe₃O₄, TiO₂) |
Isebenzisa umehluko ekubamba ngamamojula okubamba ngezikhangiso ezingama-high-gradient (1.5–2.5 Tesla) ukuze yehlise okuqukethwe kwe-Fe₂O₃ ngaphansi kuka-0.01%. |
| Ukwelula |
Feldspar, mica, calcite |
Lungisa i-pH ye-slurry (isb., i-asidi ye-sulfuric kuya ku-pH 2-3), engeza abakhiqizi abafana nama-amines ukuze kube ne-feldspar, okuholela ekutheni izinto ezingafunwa zixhume emithonyeni futhi zibhakabhake, kanti i-quartz iyawa. |
| Ukwelashwa kwe-Asidi |
Izincazelo ze-lattice kanye nezinsalela ezixazululiwe |
Sebenzisa ama-asidi anamandla (HCl, H₂SO₄, HF) ukuhluza izinsalela zensimbi, aluminum, calcium zangaphakathi; kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale i-quartz yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu (isib. i-photovoltaic grade); kudinga ukuhluza nokuqeda amanzi angcolile. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kweGravity |
Izinsimbi eziphezulu zokungena (isb. barite) |
Isebenzisa umehluko wesisindo phakathi kwe-quartz (2.65 g/cm³) nemigca ye-gangue ephakeme ngokusebenzisa amatafula achema noma abakhululi be-spiral, ngokuvamile ezigabeni zokuqala. |
5. Ukugxila
- Ukukhishwa kwamanzi nokomisaAmafilitha e-vacuum noma amafutha wama-filitha akhipha amanzi ku-concentrate, kulandele ukuomisa ukuze kwehliswe umswakama phansi kuka-0.5% ukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye.
- Ukuhlukaniswa nokususwa kokugcina kwephethiloliIziklasi zemoya zinikeza ukulawula okuqondile kokusatshalaliswa kobukhulu bamaphuzu, ngenkathi abahlukanisi bezinsimbi ezihamba phambili benza ukuhlolwa kokugcina kokungcoliswa kwensimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iz spesifications zomkhiqizo zifinyelelwa.
Indlela yokukhetha inqubo efanele yokuthuthukisa i-quartz?
Ubunzima bokuthuthukiswa kwe-quartz buhlobene ngqo nobukhulu obudingekayo bokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kanye nosayizi wamaparticles.
- Ukwakha kanye ne-Quartz yeGlass-gradeInqubo elula ebandakanya ukuwasha, ukuhlola, nokwehlukaniswa kwemagnetic; akudingeki ukwehla noma ukucwenga nge-asidi, okuholela ekunciphiseni izindleko.
- I-Photovoltaic kanye ne-Quartz ye-Grade ye-Electronic: Kudinga izigaba eziningi zokuhlanza: ukugeza → ukusika → ukuhlukaniswa kwemagneti okuphindaphindiwe → ukuhamba phambili (okuhlanganisa ukuhamba phambili okujolise emuva ukukhipha i-feldspar) → ukuhluza ng酸 (HF + HCl) → izinyathelo zokuhlanza eziphezulu ezikhethwayo. Lezi zigaba zinciphisa ukuqhamuka kwezinto ezingezinhle ngaphansi kwezinga le-ppm.
- I-Quartz Ephezulu Kakhulu Yokuhlanzeka(e.g., izinhlelo ze-semiconductor): Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela advanced ezifana nokushisa amanzi (ukuphula ama-crystal e-quartz nokuvula ubuningi bangaphakathi) nezinqubo zokushintshanisa ama-ion (ukukhipha ubungcweti obungasebenzi) zisetshenziselwa, okwandisa kakhulu ubunzima besinqumo nezindleko.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-quartz kusekelwe ekususeni izinto ezingafanele: kuqala, ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwe-mineralogical kanye nekhemikhali kuhambisa izinhlobo zezinto ezingafanele; bese kuthi kulandelwe uhlelo olucacile lokukhululwa, ukuhlukaniswa, nokuhlanzwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-magnetic okuhlanganiswe ne-flotation kuwenza umgogodla wezinga eliphakathi kuya kokuphansi le-quartz, kanti ukuxubha nge-asidi kanye nezindlela zokuhlanzwa ezithuthukile kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-quartz ye-purity ephezulu.
