Emkhakheni wokucubungula imayini, ukwakhiwa, nokukhiqiza amagalelo, zombili izinsiza zokuphonsa eziphindwe kabili kanye nezinsiza ze-hammer z Playing amagugu abalulekile ekunciphiseni usayizi wezinto ezingavuthiwe. Nokho, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinsiza zokuphonsa zinezimfanelo ezihlukile mayelana nezimiso zokusebenza, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, amandla okusebenza, nezinketho zokusebenza. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlekelele kubalulekile ezimbonini ukuze zenze izinqumo ezifanele uma zikhetha imishini efanele izidingo zazo ezithile. Lesi sihloko sizokwenza umehluko ophelele phakathi kwezinsiza zokuphonsa eziphindwe kabili nezinsiza ze-hammer ezivela ezicini ezihlukene, sinikeze isithombe esichazayo kochwepheshe emikhakheni efanele.
Ama-cone crushers asebenza ngesimiso sokucindezela. I-compound enkulu ye-cone crusher iyigumbi lokucindezela, elihlanganisa i-mantle (ingxenye yangaphakathi, eshintshashintshayo) kanye ne-concave (ingxenye yangaphandle, equkethe). I-mantle iyagijima ngaphakathi kwe-concave, iqhutshwa yi-eccentric shaft. Lapho i-mantle ihamba ibheke eduze kwe-concave, ifaka amandla aphezulu - wokucindezela kwizinto ezifakwe egumbini lokucindezela. Lezi zinto zokucindezela zenza ukuthi izinto zaphukile ezindaweni zazo ezinzima, kancane kancane zinciphisa usayizi wazo. Njengoba i-mantle ihamba kude ngesikhathi sokukhululeka, izinto eziphukile ziwela phansi ngenxa yokudonswa komhlaba, futhi izinto ezintsha zifakwa egumbini. Le nqubo eqhubekayo yokuphindaphinda ivumela i-cone crusher ukuba ifinyelele ukuncipha kukasayizi wezinto okulinganiselwe.
Ama-hammer crushers, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asebenza ngokususelwa emqondweni wokuphahlazeka ngempempe. Ngaphakathi kwe-hammer crusher, kukhona i-rotor ejikelezayo esheshayo enezinsimbi eziningana. Uma imathiriyali ingangena egumbini lokuphahlazeka, zishaywa masisha yizinsimbi ezijikelezayo ngokushesha ngensimbi ethile. Umfutho oshisayo ophahlazayo uphula imathiriyali, kanti izingcezu eziphukile ziqhunyiswa ziye kuma-plates okuhlinza noma ama-breaker plates afakwe ngaphakathi kogumbi, kunciphisa usayizi wazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imathiriyali zingase zishayisane nendawo ngesikhathi sokuphahlazeka, kuthuthukisa umphumela wokuphahlazeka. Umqondo wokusebenza osekelwe emiphumeleni ye-hammer crushers uvumela ukuba kube nesilinganiso sokunciphisa esiphezulu endaweni yokuphahlazeka eyodwa.
Isakhiwo se-cone crusher siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siqinile. Ipharamitha eyinhloko isebenza njengezisekelo, inikeza ukusekelwa okuqinile kwazo zonke izingxenye zangaphakathi. Ikhande lokuphosa, elinforma ye-conical, lenzelwe ukunciphisa kancane kancane isikhala phakathi kwe-mantle ne-concave ukusuka phezulu ukuya phansi, kuhamba kahle ekuphonseni izinto ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. I-assembly ye-eccentric, eqhuba ukuhamba kwe-gyratory kwe-mantle, iklanywe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle nokunembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cone crushers avamise ukuhlinzekwa ngosizo lokuhlanza ukuze kuncishiswe ukujija phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo, futhi amamodeli athuthukile angase abe nesistimu yokulungisa i-hydraulic yokusetha kwendawo evaliwe, evumela abakhiqizi ukuba balawule usayizi wokugcina womkhiqizo ngokuqonda.
Ama-hammer crushers ane-structural elula uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cone crushers. Izingxenye ezisemqoka zifaka i-rotor, ama-hammer, amapleyiti ophazamisa, kanye ne-chamber yokuphonsa. I-rotor iyingxenye eyinhloko ejikelezayo, kanti ama-hammer aphakanyiswa noma ahlale kuwo. Amapleyiti ophazamisa afakwe ogazini lwangaphakathi lwe-chamber yokuphonsa. Uma i-rotor ijika ngesivinini esiphezulu, ama-hammer ayazulazula ngaphandle ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuzungeza. Isakhiwo esilula sama-hammer crushers senza kube lula ukuwafaka, ukuwagcina, nokuwalungisa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa kokusebenza kokuphazamisa okuphezulu, ama-hammer namapleyiti ophazamisa ayakha ukugqokwa futhi kudingeka ukuthi ashintshwe njalo.
Ama-cone crushers azaziwa ngokukhiqiza amaphuzu anezinga elifana nolwabiwo olukhulu nolwakhiwo lwekhabhoni. Ukuqhubeka kokucindezela enqubweni ye-conical kuyaholela ekuhlinzekeni ngempumelelo ikhwalithi eyodwa yokwabelana ngempendingo yamaphuzu. Le msebenzi iwumsebenzi owawunconywe kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezifana nokukhiqiza ama-aggregates aphezulu kwekhwalithi yokwakha ikhonkco. Ama-aggregates aneka-khabhoni angathuthukisa umphumela wokuxhumana kwekhonkco, okuqinisa amandla nobuqiniso bayo. Ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo, ubukhulu obulawulwa nolwakhiwo lwe-aggregates oluthiwa lungavíwe odala amandla nobubanga bephakhezela bejolisa phi.
Ama-hammer crushers ngokuvamile akhiqiza amaphuzu anomumo ongajwayelekile kanye nohlobo lokwehla lwezinto olukhulu. Umthelela ophakeme kanye nenqubo yokushaywa kwezinto eziningi kungabangela inani elikhulu lama-fines nezithako ezithambile. Nakuba lokhu kungaba kungavunyelwe kahle ezinhlelweni ezidinga imikhiqizo yephakethe enephezulu, kwezinye izimo, njengokukhiqiza izinto eziyisisekelo zokwakha imigwaqo noma ukucutshungulwa kokuqala kwezinto ukuze kuqhubeke nezinto ezithokozisayo, lezi zinto eziyindilinga ezivela kuma-hammer crushers zisengavunyelwa.
Ikhono lokugaya lezi ziqhingi zezikhumbuzo lihluka kuye ngenguqulo nesigaba. Ngokuvamile, ezigabeni zokuqedwa kwezinto eziphindwe kabili nokuqedwa kwezinto eziphezulu, lezi ziqhingi zingathola umphumela ophakeme kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, i-hydraulic cone crusher engaphakathi nendawo ingakwazi ukuhluza phakathi kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 neziyi-300 zezinhlayiya ngehora. Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindandatho zokugaya kwezinye zokusebenza ezinzima, ikhono lazo lokuqala lokugaya izinto ezikhulu lingase libe phansi.
Izixhumi zamahhambo zihlala zenziwa ukuze zibe namandla aphezulu ekucindezelweni okokuqala. Iziphumo zazo eziphakeme ezisebenza ngokushaya zivumela ukuba ziphathe izinto ezinkulu kahle. Isixhumi samahhambo esikhulu singaba namandla okukhipha ama-ton ambalwa ngomzuzu, okwenza kube kuhle ekunciphiseni ngokushesha usayizi wezinto ezinkulu zomkhiqizo eziyisisekelo esigabeni sokuqala senqubo yokucindezela.
Izinsimbi zokudonsa izintaba zihlala zikhombisa ubudlelwano bokucindezela obuphakathi nendawo kuya phezulu. Ezinzimbini ezijwayelekile zokudonsa ezisetshenziswa ekuhlakazeni okwesibili, ubudlelwano bokucindezela bunweza ukusuka ku-3:1 kuya ku-6:1, kanti izinsimbi zokudonsa ezifushane – eziphakeme zokuhlakaza okwesithathu zingathola ubudlelwano obuphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ku-8:1 noma ngaphezulu. Inqubo yokucindezela emibhoshweni eminingi ezinsimbini zokudonsa ivumela ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kosayizi bezinto, iqinisekisa ubudlelwano bokucindezela obukhulu nobhethekile.
Ama-hammer crushers angakwazi ukufinyelela inani eliphezulu lokuphuka emsebenzini owodwa. Kwezinye izimo, inani lokuphuka lama-hammer crushers lingafinyelela ku-10:1 noma ngaphezulu. Le ratio ephezulu yokuphuka ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni izinto ezinkulu zibe izingcezwana ezincane, kunciphisa isidingo sokuphuka okuningi kwezinye izinhlelo.
Ishumi Lemigodu
1. Umkhakha Wokumbiwa
Emkhakheni wezokumba, ama-cone crusher asetshenziswa kakhulu ezigabeni zokucindezelwa zesibili nezokugcina. Ngemva kokucindezelwa kwemfucumfucu yensimbi ngama-jaw crushers noma ama-gyratory crushers, ama-cone crusher asetshenziswa ukuze anciphise usayizi wama-particles emfucumfucu ukuba kufinyelele ezingeni elifanele lokugaya okuqhubekayo kanye nezinqubo zokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wokumba ikhophi, ama-cone crusher angacindezela i-copper ore eyayicindezelwe kakhulu ibe iziqeshana ezincane, kulula ukuthola izinto zensimbi ekupheleni kwezinhlelo zokuhlunga noma zokucubungula.
2. Ukukhiqizwa Kwemikhiqizo
Ekuhlukeni kodoti yokwakha, ama-cone crushers adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-aggregates aphezulu. Afitshola kakhulu ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona imfuneko eqinile mayelana nosayizi wepholo nokwakheka kwama-aggregates, njengokukhishwa kwe-concrete yokwakha izakhiwo eziphakeme kanye nezindonga. Ama-aggregates anokwakheka kwe-cube akhiqizwa ama-cone crushers angathuthukisa ukusebenza nokwakhiwa kwe-concrete, aqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwemisebenzi yokwakha.
3. Umkhakha Wokumba
Ezinqolobaneni, ama-cone crushers asetshenziselwa ukuheha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitsha, njenge-limestone, granite, ne-marble. Angakhiqiza ama-aggregates anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo zemakethe, ehlonipha imithombo yokwakha imizila, ukwakha izakhiwo, nezinye izinhlelo zokwakha.
Ihammer Crusher
1. Umkhakha Wokumbiwa
Emkhakheni wezokumbiwa, ama-hammer crushers ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ekuphukeni kokuqala kwezinto eziwumkhiqizo ezithambile noma ezinzima - eziphakathi. Isibonelo, ezimayini zikabhontshisi, ama-hammer crushers angakwazi ukuphuca kalula amatshe amakhulu kakhonkolo abe ngosayizi abancane ukuze athuthwe futhi aqhutshelwe phambili. Nokho, kwezinye izinto eziwumkhiqizo ezinzima kakhulu, ukungwear kwamahammer neminye imishini ye-hammer crushers kungaba kubi kakhulu, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo.
2. Umkhakha Wokuphinda Usebenze
Ama-hammer crushers afaneleka kakhulu embonini yokuphinda usebenzise. Angasetshenziswa ukuphuca udoti wokwakha nokudiliza, njengokhuni, amabhulokhi, ne-asphalt, abe ama-aggregates angasetshenziswa futhi. Izenzo zokuphuca ezinamandla ama-hammer crushers angakwazi ukususa kahle lezi zinto ezilahlwayo, futhi ama-aggregates aphindwe asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokwakha, afaka isandla ekuvikeleni imvelo nasekugcineni kwezinsiza.
3. Imboni Yokukhanyisa Nezimboni Zemichilo
Emkhakheni wokukh light kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali, ama-hammer crushers avamise ukusetshenziswa ukuze aphonse izinto zokwakha ezinee-hardness eziphansi, njenge-gypsem, i-limestone esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo we-cement – okukhulu ngamakhompiyutha, kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukwakheka kwabo okulula kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokuphonsa kubenza bakhethwe kahle kulezi zimboni.
Izinsiza zokucindezela amacone, ikakhulu izinsiza ezithuthukile zokucindezela amacone ezihlinzekwa ngezibani, ngokujwayelekile zidinga ukuphoqelelwa kokutshala imali okwengeziwe. Isakhiwo esinzima, inqubo yokukhiqiza enembile, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukile kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwentengo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-hydraulic cone crusher enkulu ingabiza izinkulungwane zedola, okungaba yinsiza enkulu yezimali kwezinye izinkampani ezincane noma emaphrojekthi aqalayo.
Ama-hammer crushers ajwayela ukuba nezindleko zokuqala eziphansi ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esilula kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. I-hammer crusher ejwayelekile ingathengwa ngentengo ethokomele, okwenza kube lula ukufinyelela kwayo ezinkampanini ezincane nezaphakathi ezinomnotho omele.
Izitokisi zikhona kahle kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwamandla ezigabeni zokuhlafuna zesibili nezokuqala. Inqubo yokucindezela eqhubekayo kanye nokwakhiwa okuhlela kahle kwendawo yokuhlafuna kubavumela ukuba basebenzise amandla ngempumelelo. Ngokuvamile, isitokisi singase sithathe u-1 – 3 kWh kagesi ngentoni yezinto ezihlafunwayo, kuncike emodelini ethile nasezimo zokusebenza.
Ama-hammer crushers, ngenxa yokujikeleza okusheshayo kwe-rotor kanye nenqubo yokuphula esekelwa ukuthinteka, ngokujwayelekile adla amandla amaningi. Amandla awasetshenziselwa kuphela ukuphula izinto kodwa futhi ukuze conquma imiphumela ethonywe ukujikeleza okusheshayo nokuthinteka. Ukulahleka kwamandla kwe-hammer crushers kungafinyelela ku-3 – 5 kWh ngenqwaba yezinto eziphulwe, okuholela ekwandeni kwemali yokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini yokuphonsa amakhono ezibhekene nokugqwala yi-mantle kanye ne-concave. Nakuba lezi zingxenye zidinga ukushintshwa ngempela, inqubo yokushintsha iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga amakhono obuchwepheshe. Izindleko zokushintsha i-mantle ne-concave zingaba phezulu, ikakhulukazi ngemathiriyeli aphezulu – anjalo – angagqwali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokufafaza kanye nezinye izingxenye zemishini yokuphonsa amakhono nazo zidinga ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo, kuthuthukisa izindleko zokugcina zonke.
Izinsimbi namapulani emiphumela yomshova yizinsiza ezisemqoka ezigugayo. Lezi zinsiza zithambekele ekugugeni ngenxa yokusebenza kwemiphumela ephezulu, futhi zidinga ukufakwa kabusha kakhulu. Nakuba inani lempahla yokufaka kabusha izinsimbi lingase libe phansi, ukudinga ukufakwa kabusha kaningi kungaholela ekwandeni okumangalisayo kokugcina isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini yokushova kungakhuthaza ezinye izingxenye ukuba zigeleze ngokushesha, okwandisa umsebenzi wokugcina nezindleko.
Ama-cone crushers akhiqiza uthuli oluncane ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Igumbi lokucindezela elivulekile nokucindezela okuqhubekayo kwakha indawo ethile ephezulu, kunciphisa inani lethuli elikhishwayo emoyeni. Nokho, uthuli lungase lwakhiwe ngesikhathi sokudla nokukhishwa. Ukuze kubhekwane nale nkinga, ama-cone crushers angafakwa ngezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa uthuli, njengezikhwama zokuhlanza uthuli namafilitha, ukuze kubhujiswe kahle futhi kususwe amaqoqo uthuli.
Ama-hammer crushers aphumelela ukukhiqiza uthuli oluningi ngenxa yokushayisana okuphakeme kwezinga lokushayela nendlela yokuphula lapho kuhlangana khona. Lokhu kushayisana okuqinile kungabangela ukuthi izingcezu ezincane zikhishwe emoyeni, futhi ukuhamba kwezinto ngaphakathi kwe-chamber yokuphula kuqinisa amathuba okukhishwa kuthuli. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kuthuli, ama-hammer crushers uvame ukufuna izinyathelo eziphezulu zokwehlisa uthuli, njengezinhlelo zokufafaza amanzi, izigubhu zokuhlangana kuthuli, nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka nge-ventilation ezinamandla.
Ama-cone crushers akhiqiza izinga lomsindo eliphansi uma sebenza. Ukuhamba okuhle nokuphindaphindiwe kwe-mantle kuholela ekusebenzeni okumelana nokuzamazama nokuphansi komsindo. Umsindo okhiqizwa ama-cone crushers ngokuvamile usendaweni ye-80 – 90 decibels, ongaphathwa ngamasu ajwayelekile okunciphisa umsindo, njengokufakwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe emsindweni.
Ama-hammer crushers akhiqiza amazinga noise aphakeme ngenxa yokujikijwa kwe-rotor ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nomthelela wezihlahla ezimathuneni. Izinga le- noise lama-hammer crushers lingafinyelela ku-100 decibels noma ngaphezulu, kube sengathi kudala ingozi enkulu emsebenzini nasezempilweni yabasebenzi. Izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokwehlisa umsindo, ezifana nokusebenzisa izinsiza zokunciphisa ukuxinwa, izinto ezithungela umsindo, kanye nezakhiwo ezigcwele, ngokuvamile zidingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa komsindo.
Izihlahla ze-cone kanye nezihlahla ze-hammer zinobunikazi obuhlukile kanye nezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa. Izihlahla ze-cone zilungele izicelo ezidinga imikhiqizo ephezulu - ikhwalithi, eyilingana - ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokucindezela zesibili nezesithathu emikhakheni yokumba nezokwakha. Izihlahla ze-hammer, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zifaneleka kakhulu ekucindezelweni kokuqala kwezinto ezithambile ngokwanele kanye nezicelo zokuphindisela ngenxa yesilinganiso sokucindezela esiphezulu kanye nesakhiwo esilula. Lapho kukhethwa phakathi kwalezi ezimbili, imikhakha kumele icabange ngokugcwele izinto ezifana nezici zezinto, izidingo zokukhiqiza, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nomthelela wemvelo ukuze ukukhethele imishini efanele yokucindezela, ukuze kufezwe izinzuzo ezihamba phambili zomnotho nezomphakathi.
